Nokea
The nurse is reviewing the patient's admission medication orders. What order would the nurse to question?
- A. Digoxin .5 mg orally now give one dose only
- B. Lasix 20 mg. IV every 4 hours times 3
- C. Gentamicin 80 mg IV to infuse over 1 hour every 12 hours
- D. Acetaminophen 650 mg PO every 4 hours as needed for pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Digoxin .5 mg (0.5 mg) is a high initial dose; typical is 0.125-0.25 mg, requiring clarification.
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Ginseng, which is taken to assist with memory, may potentiate:
- A. Aricept
- B. Insulin
- C. Digoxin
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ginseng can increase digoxin levels, potentially leading to toxicity.
Digoxin may cause a type A adverse drug reaction due to:
- A. Idiosyncratic effects
- B. Its narrow therapeutic index
- C. Being a teratogen
- D. Being a carcinogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin's narrow therapeutic index leads to Type A (dose-related) ADRs like toxicity, not idiosyncratic or teratogenic/carcinogenic effects .
The patient is a 6-year-old child who is taking 125 mg of amoxicillin every 6 hours. Assuming that the half-life of Amoxicillin is 3 hours, how much Amoxicillin would be in the child's body at the time of the next administration of the drug?
- A. 62.5 mg
- B. 46.875 mg
- C. 31.25 mg
- D. 15.625 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to 1 half the peak level it previously achieved. Option A would occur at 3 hours after the original dose of amoxicillin. Option B would occur 4½ hours after the original dose. Option C would occur at 6 hours after the original dose. Option D would occur at 7½ hours after the original dose.
Which statement best describes drug efficacy/toxicity in pediatric clients?
- A. Drug requirements for infants have been extensively studied.
- B. Drug dosage is altered by age and weight in children.
- C. Children always need smaller doses of medication than adults.
- D. Infants and children are always at greater risk for drug toxicity with any medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric dosing adjusts for age and weight to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity, reflecting developmental differences.
What must the nurse have before administering any medication? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. A current license to practice
- B. A medication order signed by a practitioner licensed with prescription privileges
- C. Knowledge of the medication
- D. Consultation with a pharmacist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physicians must be licensed to prescribe medications; nurses must be licensed to administer medications. Safe medication administration includes knowledge of the medication, pathophysiology of patient diagnoses, and pharmacodynamics of the ordered medication on the pathophysiology. It is not necessary for the nurse to consult with a pharmacist each time medication is to be administered to a patient.