Nokea
Primary health care is a total approach to community development. Which of the following is an indicator of success in using the primary health care approach?
- A. Health services are provided free of charge to individuals and families
- B. Local officials are empowered as the major decision-makers in health matters
- C. Health workers can provide care based on identified health needs of the people
- D. Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, as it highlights the sustainability aspect crucial in primary health care. Sustainable health programs align with the community's development level, ensuring long-term effectiveness.
A: Providing free health services is not an indicator of success as sustainability and community involvement are key.
B: While empowering local officials is important, it doesn't directly measure the success of the primary health care approach.
C: Providing care based on identified needs is a fundamental aspect but doesn't guarantee success without sustainability.
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What is the interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women?
- A. 4 weeks
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 8 weeks
- D. 12 weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women is 4 weeks. This short interval ensures optimal immunity for both the mother and the baby against tetanus. Giving the dose every 4 weeks during pregnancy helps maintain the protective levels of antibodies. Waiting longer intervals could decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine and leave the mother and baby vulnerable to tetanus infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because longer intervals between doses may not provide adequate protection and could compromise immunity levels during pregnancy.
Where is the correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant?
- A. Deltoid muscle
- B. Gluteal muscle
- C. Vastus lateralis muscle
- D. Forearm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant is the vastus lateralis muscle. This site is preferred for infants and young children because it has a larger muscle mass, reducing the risk of hitting a nerve or bone. The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the thigh, making it easily accessible and safe for injecting vaccines. It is recommended by healthcare professionals for infants due to better absorption and reduced discomfort. In contrast, the deltoid muscle is more suitable for adults, the gluteal muscle carries a risk of hitting the sciatic nerve, and the forearm lacks sufficient muscle mass for injection.
What is the primary purpose of providing iron supplementation to pregnant women?
- A. To prevent anemia
- B. To support fetal growth
- C. To reduce the risk of premature labor
- D. To decrease the likelihood of postpartum hemorrhage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To prevent anemia. Iron supplementation in pregnant women is primarily aimed at preventing iron-deficiency anemia, a common condition during pregnancy due to increased demand for iron. Anemia can lead to complications for both the mother and the fetus, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Providing iron helps maintain adequate hemoglobin levels for optimal oxygen transport.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Supporting fetal growth is an important aspect of prenatal care, but iron supplementation specifically targets preventing anemia.
C: While iron deficiency may contribute to premature labor, the primary purpose of iron supplementation is to prevent anemia.
D: Postpartum hemorrhage risk is more related to factors such as uterine atony and trauma during childbirth, not directly impacted by iron supplementation.
Which of the following health professionals can sign the birth certificate?
- A. Public health nurse
- B. Rural health midwife
- C. Municipal health officer
- D. Any of these health professionals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of these health professionals can sign a birth certificate. Public health nurses, rural health midwives, and municipal health officers are all qualified to verify and certify births. This is important for accurate record-keeping and legal purposes. Each of these professionals has the training and authority to confirm the details of a birth and sign the necessary documentation. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as any of these health professionals can sign the birth certificate. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because they limit the scope of who can sign the birth certificate, whereas the correct answer encompasses all the options provided.
Civil registries are important sources of data. Which law requires registration of births within 30 days from the occurrence of the birth?
- A. PD 651
- B. Act 3573
- C. RA 3753
- D. RA 3375
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: PD 651. This law is the Civil Registry Law, which mandates the registration of births within 30 days. PD 651 was enacted specifically to ensure the timely and accurate recording of vital events. Act 3573 pertains to the reporting of communicable diseases, not birth registration. RA 3753 focuses on the use of an alias or pseudonym, not birth registration. RA 3375 involves the registration of firearms, not births. Overall, PD 651 is the most relevant law in requiring the registration of births within 30 days, making it the correct choice.