Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions

Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Related

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Priority Decision: The nurse admitting a patient for bariatric surgery obtains the following information from the patient. Which finding should be brought to the surgeon's attention before proceeding with further patient preparation?

  • A. History of hypertension
  • B. History of untreated depression
  • C. History of multiple attempts at weight loss
  • D. History of sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of untreated depression. Before proceeding with further patient preparation for bariatric surgery, it is crucial to address untreated depression as it can significantly impact the patient's mental and emotional well-being post-operatively. Untreated depression can lead to poor compliance with post-operative instructions, medication management issues, and potentially increase the risk of complications. It is essential to involve the surgeon to assess the patient's psychological readiness for surgery and ensure appropriate support and resources are in place.

Incorrect choices:
A: History of hypertension - While hypertension should be managed pre-operatively, it is not a critical factor that would require immediate attention before further preparation.
C: History of multiple attempts at weight loss - This is a common issue in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and does not pose an immediate risk that needs urgent attention.
D: History of sleep apnea treated with CPAP - While sleep apnea is a relevant consideration for bariatric surgery, the fact that it is being treated with

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Primary carcinoma is least common in:

  • A. esophagus
  • B. stomach
  • C. small intestine
  • D. colon
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: small intestine. Primary carcinoma is least common in the small intestine compared to the other choices. This is because the small intestine has a lower incidence of cancer compared to the esophagus, stomach, and colon. Factors contributing to this lower incidence include less exposure to carcinogens, a relatively smaller surface area, and less common inflammatory conditions that can lead to cancer development. Additionally, the small intestine has a more rapid turnover of cells, reducing the likelihood of cancerous mutations accumulating. Therefore, the small intestine is the least common site for primary carcinoma among the options provided.

The function of the gastrointestinal tract can be classified in several ways. Which of the following functions is most important for survival immediately after a meal?

  • A. Absorption and retention of water and electrolytes
  • B. Elimination of toxins
  • C. Maintenance of barrier function
  • D. Extraction of maximum value from nutrients
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absorption and retention of water and electrolytes. Immediately after a meal, the body needs to absorb water and electrolytes to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance, crucial for survival. This process helps in nutrient absorption and maintaining overall body function.

Reasons for why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Elimination of toxins - While important for overall health, elimination of toxins is not the most critical function immediately after a meal for survival.
C: Maintenance of barrier function - While important for protecting against harmful substances, it is not the most vital function immediately after a meal for survival.
D: Extraction of maximum value from nutrients - While important for optimal nutrition, it is not as crucial as absorption and retention of water and electrolytes for immediate survival post-meal.

During discharge instructions for a patient following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what should the nurse include in the teaching?

  • A. Keep the incision areas clean and dry for at least a week.
  • B. Report the need to take pain medication for shoulder pain.
  • C. Report any bile-colored or purulent drainage from the incisions.
  • D. Expect some postoperative nausea and vomiting for a few days.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report any bile-colored or purulent drainage from the incisions. This is important because it could indicate infection or bile leak, which are complications that need immediate medical attention. A is incorrect because incision areas should be kept clean and dry, but typically for 48 hours, not a week. B is incorrect as shoulder pain is a common referred pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and not necessarily an immediate concern. D is incorrect because while some nausea and vomiting can be expected, it should not be considered normal for days postoperatively.

The nurse is caring for a patient who complains, "I don't see why I can't have a CT scan instead of the expensive MRI!" Which response is most appropriate for the nurse to make?

  • A. "The MRI provides better contrast between normal and pathologic tissue."
  • B. "The MRI requires less analysis and is easier to read."
  • C. "The MRI produces a digital image that can be transmitted via email."
  • D. "The MRI exposes the patient to less radiation."
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because MRI provides better contrast between normal and pathologic tissue compared to CT scans. This allows for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Choice B is incorrect because MRI images are typically more complex and require specialized analysis. Choice C is incorrect because both CT and MRI images can be transmitted digitally. Choice D is incorrect because CT scans actually expose patients to less radiation compared to MRI.

During the gastric phase of digestion

  • A. There is neural stimulation only
  • B. There is decreased contractility
  • C. The bolus composition is detected by chemoreceptors
  • D. It only takes minutes
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Gastric phase starts when food enters the stomach.
2. Chemoreceptors detect bolus composition to initiate gastric secretions.
3. This detection triggers release of gastric juices for digestion.
4. Neural stimulation also occurs during gastric phase, but not exclusively.
5. Contractility increases during gastric phase for mixing and churning.
In summary, choice C is correct as chemoreceptors detect bolus composition during the gastric phase, while the other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the physiological processes during this phase.

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