Nokea
The patient with liver failure has had a liver transplant. What should the nurse teach the patient about care after the transplant?
- A. Alcohol intake is now okay.
- B. HBIG will be required to prevent rejection.
- C. Elevate the head 30 degrees to improve ventilation when sleeping.
- D. Monitor closely for infection because of the immunosuppressive medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because patients who undergo liver transplant are put on immunosuppressive medication to prevent rejection. This medication weakens the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to infections. Monitoring closely for signs of infection is crucial to prevent complications.
Choice A is incorrect because alcohol intake is not recommended after a liver transplant as it can further damage the new liver. Choice B is incorrect because HBIG (Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin) is typically given to prevent hepatitis B recurrence, not rejection. Choice C is incorrect as elevating the head has no direct correlation with post-liver transplant care.
You may also like to solve these questions
The muscular contractions, which move material through the digestive tract, are called:
- A. peristalsis
- B. deglutition.
- C. mass movements.
- D. segmental contractions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: peristalsis. Peristalsis refers to the wave-like muscular contractions that propel food through the digestive tract. First, circular muscles contract behind the food bolus creating a narrowing, then longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus, pushing it forward. This coordinated movement helps move food along the digestive tract efficiently. Deglutition (B) refers to the act of swallowing, not the movement of food through the digestive tract. Mass movements (C) refer to large, powerful contractions that occur in the colon to move feces. Segmental contractions (D) are localized contractions that mix and churn food in the intestines, not the primary mechanism for moving food along the digestive tract.
Where are most digestive enzymes secreted?
- A. stomach
- B. liver
- C. pancreas
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pancreas. The pancreas secretes most digestive enzymes, including amylase, lipase, and proteases, into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It plays a crucial role in breaking down food components. The stomach (choice A) secretes gastric juices but not the majority of digestive enzymes. The liver (choice B) produces bile, which aids in fat digestion, but does not secrete digestive enzymes. The small intestine (choice D) is where most digestion and absorption occur, but it does not secrete the majority of digestive enzymes.
A nurse is admitting a client who was prescribed antibiotic therapy and now has a Clostridium difficile infection. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Disinfect equipment in the client's room daily.
- B. Place the client in a protective environment.
- C. Use alcohol hand sanitizer after completing tasks for the client.
- D. Have the client wear a mask when out of the room.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Disinfect equipment in the client's room daily. This is important for preventing the spread of Clostridium difficile, a highly contagious bacterium causing severe diarrhea. Disinfecting equipment helps eliminate the bacteria from the environment, reducing the risk of transmission to other individuals.
Summary of other choices:
B: Placing the client in a protective environment is unnecessary and not recommended for Clostridium difficile infection.
C: While using alcohol hand sanitizer is important for hand hygiene, disinfecting equipment is more crucial in this case.
D: Having the client wear a mask is not necessary for preventing the transmission of Clostridium difficile.
Priority Decision: The nurse admitting a patient for bariatric surgery obtains the following information from the patient. Which finding should be brought to the surgeon's attention before proceeding with further patient preparation?
- A. History of hypertension
- B. History of untreated depression
- C. History of multiple attempts at weight loss
- D. History of sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of untreated depression. Before proceeding with further patient preparation for bariatric surgery, it is crucial to address untreated depression as it can significantly impact the patient's mental and emotional well-being post-operatively. Untreated depression can lead to poor compliance with post-operative instructions, medication management issues, and potentially increase the risk of complications. It is essential to involve the surgeon to assess the patient's psychological readiness for surgery and ensure appropriate support and resources are in place.
Incorrect choices:
A: History of hypertension - While hypertension should be managed pre-operatively, it is not a critical factor that would require immediate attention before further preparation.
C: History of multiple attempts at weight loss - This is a common issue in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and does not pose an immediate risk that needs urgent attention.
D: History of sleep apnea treated with CPAP - While sleep apnea is a relevant consideration for bariatric surgery, the fact that it is being treated with
Proteins are digested or broken down by the _____ in the stomach.
- A. pepsinogen
- B. pepsin
- C. hydrochloric acid
- D. lipase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme secreted by the stomach that breaks down proteins into peptides. Initially, pepsin is produced in an inactive form called pepsinogen, which is activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. Pepsin works optimally at a low pH, which is maintained by hydrochloric acid (choice C) in the stomach. Lipase (choice D) is an enzyme that breaks down fats, not proteins. So, the correct enzyme responsible for digesting proteins in the stomach is pepsin.