Nokea
Regarding HCL:
- A. it inhibits pepsinogen.
- B. it helps in absorption of iron.
- C. it helps in absorption of vitamin B12.
- D. is secreted in response to sympathetic stimulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: HCL helps in the digestion of food by creating an acidic environment in the stomach.
Step 2: This acidic environment aids in the breakdown of food components, including iron.
Step 3: Iron absorption is enhanced in the presence of HCL.
Conclusion: Choice B is correct as HCL helps in the absorption of iron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as HCL does not inhibit pepsinogen, aid in absorption of vitamin B12, or secreted in response to sympathetic stimulation.
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Which of the following is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates?
- A. Amylase
- B. Lipase
- C. Pepsin
- D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amylase. Amylase is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starches into simple sugars like glucose. It is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas, and works in both the mouth and small intestine. Lipase (B) digests fats, Pepsin (C) digests proteins, and Trypsin (D) also digests proteins but not carbohydrates. Therefore, they are not responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates.
The most common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (hematemesis or melena) is:
- A. esophageal varices
- B. gastric carcinoma
- C. peptic ulcer
- D. gastritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to erosion of the stomach lining. The acidic environment in the stomach can lead to ulcer formation. Esophageal varices are associated with liver cirrhosis, not a common cause of hemorrhage. Gastric carcinoma may cause bleeding but is less common than peptic ulcers. Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and can cause bleeding but is not as common as peptic ulcers.
Where are most fat-digesting enzymes produced?
- A. small intestine
- B. gallbladder
- C. liver
- D. pancreas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: pancreas. The pancreas produces most fat-digesting enzymes, such as lipase, which help break down fats in the small intestine. The liver produces bile, stored in the gallbladder, which aids in fat digestion but doesn't directly produce fat-digesting enzymes. The small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients rather than producing fat-digesting enzymes. Therefore, the pancreas is the main source of fat-digesting enzymes in the digestive system.
The process of breaking down food into simpler molecules is known as _____.
- A. absorption
- B. digestion
- C. ingestion
- D. secretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into simpler molecules through mechanical and chemical means in the digestive system. It involves the breakdown of complex nutrients into smaller components for absorption. Absorption (A) is the process of taking in nutrients into the bloodstream, not breaking down food. Ingestion (C) is the act of consuming food, not breaking it down. Secretion (D) is the release of enzymes and fluids involved in digestion, not the process of breaking down food itself.
The nurse is performing pre-procedure teaching for a patient scheduled to undergo a liver biopsy. After listening to the information, the patient states, "I am so scareI just don't know if I can do this procedure." Which response is best?
- A. "The procedure will only last about 15 minutes."
- B. "Most patients say it feels similar to a punch in the shoulder."
- C. "You do not have to have the procedure."
- D. "I understand that you are afraiTell me more about your concerns."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates empathy and active listening. By acknowledging the patient's fear and encouraging them to express their concerns further, the nurse can address specific fears and provide appropriate support. This approach helps build trust and rapport, leading to better patient outcomes.
A: Providing the duration of the procedure (choice A) may not effectively address the patient's underlying fear.
B: Comparing the sensation to a punch (choice B) may minimize the patient's concerns and not address the emotional aspect of their fear.
C: Telling the patient they do not have to have the procedure (choice C) could be misleading and may not be in the patient's best interest without further exploration of their concerns.