Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders

Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders related questions and content

A lipoprotein has the following components: 5% triglyceride, 20% cholesterol, 30% phospholipid, and 45% protein. This molecule would be best described as a

  • A. micelle.
  • B. chylomicron.
  • C. low-density lipoprotein.
  • D. high-density lipoprotein.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is known to have a higher proportion of protein compared to other lipoproteins. In this case, with 45% protein content, it aligns with the typical composition of HDL. HDL is responsible for transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver for excretion, making it crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health.

A: Micelle is incorrect as it is a single-layered structure formed by amphipathic molecules in a specific environment like bile salts in the intestines.
B: Chylomicron is incorrect as it is primarily composed of triglycerides and is responsible for transporting dietary lipids.
C: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is incorrect as it typically has higher cholesterol content compared to HDL and is known as "bad cholesterol" due to its role in depositing cholesterol in arteries.

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After an esophageal surgery, a client exhibited the symptoms of dyspne What should a nurse do to minimize dyspnea?

  • A. Ensure the intake of soft foods or high-calorie, high-protein semiliquid foods
  • B. Advise avoidance of foods that contain significant air or gas
  • C. Ensure frequent, small meals and discourage lying down immediately after eating
  • D. Instruct to take liquid supplements between meals
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Small, frequent meals and avoiding lying down after eating help prevent reflux and aspiration, which can contribute to dyspnea.

A client underwent an exploratory laparotomy 2 days ago. The physician should be called immediately for which physical assessment finding?

  • A. Abdominal distention and rigidity
  • B. NG tube intentionally displaced by client
  • C. Absent or hypoactive bowel sounds
  • D. Nausea and occasional vomiting
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abdominal rigidity and distention suggest peritonitis or internal bleeding, both of which require urgent medical intervention.

How should the nurse teach the patient with a hiatal hernia or GERD to control symptoms?

  • A. Drink 10 to 12 oz of water with each meal.
  • B. Space six small meals a day between breakfast and bedtime.
  • C. Sleep with the head of the bed elevated on 4- to 6-inch blocks
  • D. Perform daily exercises of toe-touching, sit-ups, and weight lifting.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sleeping with the head of the bed elevated helps prevent gastric contents from refluxing into the esophagus, reducing GERD symptoms.

Stimulation of the parasympathetic neurons in the GI tract from Auerbach's or myenteric plexus will cause

  • A. inhibition of local secretions.
  • B. inhibition of peristalsis.
  • C. stimulation of local secretions.
  • D. stimulation of peristalsis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Stimulation of parasympathetic neurons in the GI tract from Auerbach's or myenteric plexus leads to the release of acetylcholine, which enhances GI motility and peristalsis. This is because acetylcholine acts on smooth muscle and stimulates contractions, promoting movement of food through the GI tract. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

A: Inhibition of local secretions is incorrect as parasympathetic stimulation usually enhances glandular secretions in the GI tract.
B: Inhibition of peristalsis is incorrect because parasympathetic stimulation typically increases peristalsis.
C: Stimulation of local secretions is incorrect as parasympathetic stimulation usually promotes secretion but does not inhibit it.

The nurse is performing pre-procedure teaching for a patient scheduled to undergo a liver biopsy. After listening to the information, the patient states, "I am so scareI just don't know if I can do this procedure." Which response is best?

  • A. "The procedure will only last about 15 minutes."
  • B. "Most patients say it feels similar to a punch in the shoulder."
  • C. "You do not have to have the procedure."
  • D. "I understand that you are afraiTell me more about your concerns."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates empathy and active listening. By acknowledging the patient's fear and encouraging them to express their concerns further, the nurse can address specific fears and provide appropriate support. This approach helps build trust and rapport, leading to better patient outcomes.

A: Providing the duration of the procedure (choice A) may not effectively address the patient's underlying fear.
B: Comparing the sensation to a punch (choice B) may minimize the patient's concerns and not address the emotional aspect of their fear.
C: Telling the patient they do not have to have the procedure (choice C) could be misleading and may not be in the patient's best interest without further exploration of their concerns.

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