Nokea
Urea is synthesized by the liver following _____ metabolism.
- A. carbohydrate
- B. protein
- C. lipid
- D. nucleic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: protein. Urea is a waste product formed during the breakdown of proteins in the liver. Amino acids from protein metabolism are deaminated, leading to the formation of ammonia, which is then converted to urea in the urea cycle. Carbohydrates are not directly involved in urea synthesis. Lipids are primarily metabolized to produce energy and do not contribute to urea formation. Nucleic acids are broken down into nucleotides, not amino acids, and are not directly related to urea synthesis.
You may also like to solve these questions
A client underwent an exploratory laparotomy 2 days ago. The physician should be called immediately for which physical assessment finding?
- A. Abdominal distention and rigidity
- B. NG tube intentionally displaced by client
- C. Absent or hypoactive bowel sounds
- D. Nausea and occasional vomiting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abdominal rigidity and distention suggest peritonitis or internal bleeding, both of which require urgent medical intervention.
A patient's serum liver enzyme tests reveal an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The nurse recognizes what about the elevated AST?
- A. It eliminates infection as a cause of liver damage.
- B. It is diagnostic for liver inflammation and damage.
- C. Tissue damage in organs other than the liver may be identified.
- D. Nervous system symptoms related to hepatic encephalopathy may be the cause.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated AST may indicate damage in the liver or other organs as AST is not liver-specific.
A nurse admits a client to the emergency department who reports nausea and vomiting that worsens when he lies down. Antacids do not help. The provider suspects acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect to see?
- A. Decreased WBC
- B. Increased serum amylase
- C. Decreased serum lipase
- D. Increased serum calcium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased serum amylase. In acute pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed and releases enzymes like amylase into the bloodstream. Amylase levels rise significantly in this condition. Elevated serum amylase is a key diagnostic marker for acute pancreatitis.
A: Decreased WBC - This is not a typical finding in acute pancreatitis. Inflammation in the pancreas usually leads to an increased WBC count.
C: Decreased serum lipase - Lipase levels actually increase in acute pancreatitis along with amylase. Both are important diagnostic markers.
D: Increased serum calcium - While hypercalcemia can occur in severe pancreatitis, it is not as specific or sensitive as elevated amylase levels in diagnosing acute pancreatitis.
Which manifestations may be seen in the patient with cirrhosis related to esophageal varices?
- A. Jaundice, peripheral edema, and ascites from increased intrahepatic pressure and dysfunction
- B. Loss of the small bile ducts and cholestasis and cirrhosis in patients with other autoimmune disorders
- C. Development of collateral channels of circulation in inelastic, fragile esophageal veins as a result of portal hypertension
- D. Scarring and nodular changes in the liver lead to compression of the veins and sinusoids, causing resistance of blood flow through the liver from the portal vein
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Esophageal varices are caused by the development of collateral channels of circulation in the fragile, inelastic esophageal veins due to portal hypertension in cirrhosis.
After abdominal surgery, your patient has a severe coughing episode that causes wound evisceration. In addition to calling the doctor, which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Irrigate the wound & organs with Betadine
- B. Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing.
- C. Apply a dry sterile dressing & binder
- D. Push the organs back & cover with moist sterile dressings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing. This intervention helps maintain a moist environment for wound healing and prevents further contamination. Irrigating with Betadine (A) can be harmful to tissues. Applying a dry sterile dressing (C) can lead to desiccation and delays healing. Pushing organs back (D) should only be done by a medical professional to avoid causing further harm.