Nokea
Regarding iron:
- A. it is more readily absorbed in the ferric form
- B. men lose about 0.6mg/d
- C. average daily iron intake is 40mg
- D. ascorbic acid reduces iron absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because men lose about 0.6mg of iron per day through various physiological processes like shedding skin cells and hair. This loss must be replenished through dietary intake to maintain iron balance. Choice A is incorrect as iron is more readily absorbed in the ferrous form. Choice C is incorrect as the average daily iron intake is around 18mg. Choice D is incorrect ascorbic acid enhances iron absorption rather than reducing it.
You may also like to solve these questions
You are a resident in a hospital in a very poor part of the world. Their drug selection is limited. A patient presents with acute cardiac failure, for which your preferred drug is dobutamine, given intravenously. However, there is none available. Which of the following other drugs, or combination of drugs, would be a suitable alternative?
- A. Dopamine (at a very high dose)
- B. Ephedrine
- C. Ephedrine plus propranolol
- D. Norepinephrine plus phentolamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Norepinephrine plus phentolamine. Norepinephrine is a potent vasopressor that can increase blood pressure and cardiac output in acute cardiac failure. Phentolamine is an alpha-blocker that can help counteract the vasoconstrictive effects of norepinephrine.
Rationale:
1. Norepinephrine: Increases blood pressure and cardiac output, improving perfusion to vital organs in acute cardiac failure.
2. Phentolamine: Counteracts the vasoconstrictive effects of norepinephrine, preventing excessive vasoconstriction.
Summary:
A: Dopamine at a very high dose may not be as effective as norepinephrine in acute cardiac failure.
B: Ephedrine is a less potent vasopressor compared to norepinephrine.
C: Ephedrine plus propranolol combination may lead to conflicting effects on blood pressure and heart rate
What is a cause of primary hypothyroidism in adults?
- A. Malignant or benign thyroid nodules
- B. Surgical removal or failure of the pituitary gland
- C. Surgical removal or radiation of the thyroid gland
- D. Autoimmune-induced atrophy of the thyroid gland
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary hypothyroidism in adults is commonly caused by autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which leads to thyroid tissue destruction.
The endocrine system and the _____ system are both intimately involved in maintaining homeostasis.
- A. cardiovascular
- B. digestive
- C. nervous
- D. respiratory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: nervous. The endocrine system and the nervous system work together to regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system releases hormones that control metabolism, growth, and reproduction, while the nervous system sends electrical signals to coordinate body movements and responses. Both systems communicate and coordinate with each other to ensure the body functions properly. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because although they are important systems in the body, they do not play as direct a role in maintaining homeostasis as the nervous system does.
Which of the following sympathomimetics is not a catecholamine:
- A. Adrenaline
- B. Noradrenaline
- C. Amphetamine
- D. Isoprenaline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amphetamine. Amphetamine is not a catecholamine because it is a synthetic drug, not naturally produced by the body like adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (B), and isoprenaline (D). Catecholamines are a class of neurotransmitters that include dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, all of which have a catechol group in their chemical structure. Amphetamine, on the other hand, is a substituted phenethylamine with no catechol group. This distinction makes amphetamine the only non-catecholamine among the given options.
Difference Between Endocrine and Exocrine Glands is That
- A. Endocrine glands release hormones while exocrine glands release waste
- B. Endocrine glands are interconnected but exocrine glands are totally independent from each other.
- C. Endocrine glands are formed by epithelial tissue, exocrine glands are connective tissues primarily
- D. Endocrine glands are ductless, exocrine glands release secretions into ducts or at the surface of the body
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts or onto the surface of the body. This key difference in how they release their products is essential in distinguishing between endocrine and exocrine glands.
A: Endocrine glands release hormones, not waste products.
B: The interconnection of glands is not a defining characteristic to differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
C: Endocrine glands are not exclusively formed by epithelial tissue, and exocrine glands are not solely connective tissues.