Nokea
Removal of internal organs from a body cavity
- A. Conization
- B. Exenteration
- C. Dissection
- D. Cauterization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exenteration involves the removal of internal organs from a body cavity, often performed in cases of advanced cancer or severe infection. This procedure is extensive, removing multiple organs or structures within a body cavity. Conization is a surgical procedure to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue, typically from the cervix. Dissection involves cutting through tissues for examination or study, not necessarily removing organs. Cauterization is the process of burning tissue to stop bleeding or remove unwanted tissue, not specifically related to removal of organs from a body cavity. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it specifically describes the removal of internal organs from a body cavity.
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Male sex chromosomes are represented as ________.
- A. XX
- B. XO
- C. XY
- D. XZ
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is C: XY. In humans, males have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. This combination determines an individual's sex. Choice A (XX) is incorrect because it represents the genotype for females. Choice B (XO) is incorrect as it denotes Turner syndrome in females with only one X chromosome. Choice D (XZ) is not a valid representation of male sex chromosomes in humans.
What does line “A” point to?
- A. Lymphatic vessels
- B. Pampiniform plexus
- C. Internal spermatic fascia
- D. Spermatic cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lymphatic vessels. Line "A" typically points to lymphatic vessels because they play a crucial role in draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. They help maintain fluid balance and immunity. The other choices are incorrect because the pampiniform plexus is a network of veins in the spermatic cord, the internal spermatic fascia is a layer of connective tissue surrounding the spermatic cord, and the spermatic cord is a structure containing blood vessels, nerves, and ducts that support the testes. These structures are closely related anatomically but serve different functions compared to lymphatic vessels.
The patient was taken to the operating room where an
- A. Open
- B. Open deduction
- C. Deduction
- D. Reduction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduction. In medical terminology, reduction refers to the process of restoring a dislocated or fractured bone to its normal position. In this context, the patient was likely taken to the operating room for a reduction procedure to realign the affected bone.
A: Open - Incorrect because it does not specify the specific procedure being performed.
B: Open deduction - Incorrect because "deduction" is not a term commonly used in medical procedures and does not make sense in this context.
C: Deduction - Incorrect for the same reasons as B, as deduction is not a relevant medical term in this scenario.
A client is having a hysterosalpingogram. What action by the nurse is most important?
- A. Assist the client in sitting up after the procedure
- B. Provide the client with a pad to avoid dye stains on the clothes.
- C. Teach her to take all antibiotics prescribed until finished
- D. Inform the client that the procedure may cause shoulder pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assist the client in sitting up after the procedure. This is important to prevent complications like vasovagal response or fainting due to sudden positional changes. Sitting up slowly helps stabilize blood pressure and prevent dizziness.
B: Providing a pad for dye stains is not the most important action as it is a minor concern compared to client safety post-procedure.
C: Taking antibiotics has no direct relevance to the hysterosalpingogram procedure, so it is not the most important action.
D: Informing the client about potential shoulder pain is helpful, but ensuring immediate safety by assisting the client in sitting up takes precedence.
Which of the following statements about peptide or protein hormones is usually true?
- A. They have longer half-lives than steroid hormones
- B. They have receptors on the cell membrane
- C. They have a slower onset of action than both steroid and thyroid hormones
- D. They are not stored in endocrine-producing glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Peptide or protein hormones have receptors on the cell membrane. These hormones are typically large molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane, so they bind to receptors on the cell surface to initiate signal transduction pathways. This allows them to quickly and effectively communicate with target cells.
A: They do not have longer half-lives than steroid hormones. Peptide hormones are usually rapidly degraded compared to steroid hormones.
C: They do not have a slower onset of action than steroid and thyroid hormones. Peptide hormones can have rapid onset of action due to their signaling pathways.
D: They can be stored in endocrine-producing glands, such as insulin being stored in pancreatic beta cells.