Nokea
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this medication?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Constipation
- D. Decreased respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
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What is the mechanism of action of miglitol?
- A. Decreased glucagon release
- B. Increased insulin release
- C. Increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
- D. Inhibits intestinal brush border enzymes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Miglitol inhibits intestinal brush border enzymes, slowing carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
Which of the following is natural glucocorticoid:
- A. Cortisol
- B. Prednisolon
- C. Dexamethasone
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cortisol is the primary natural glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands, unlike the others which are synthetic.
Treatment goals in prescribing should:
- A. Always be curative
- B. Be patient-centered
- C. Be convenient for the provider
- D. Focus on the cost of therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered goals prioritize individual needs and outcomes, not just cure , provider convenience , or cost alone .
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3 hours the drug level would be 6.25.
Binding of drugs to albumin is irreversible.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: False; binding to albumin is reversible, allowing drugs to dissociate and become active or available for elimination.