Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions

Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Related

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Since Adonis was unable lift the dumbbell, he decided to use the exercise bike for a cardiovascular workout. During maximum exertion on the exercise bike, Adonis began to breathe heavily and felt 'the burn' in his legs. The skeletal muscles of his legs were using primarily which form of respiration at maximum exertion?

  • A. Aerobic respiration
  • B. Electron transport chain
  • C. Oxidative phosphorylation
  • D. Glycolysis
Correct Answer: d

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glycolysis. During maximum exertion, skeletal muscles rely on glycolysis to quickly generate ATP without oxygen. This process breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Since Adonis was feeling 'the burn' in his legs, it indicates the accumulation of lactic acid from glycolysis. Choice A (Aerobic respiration) requires oxygen and is not efficient during high-intensity exercise. Choices B (Electron transport chain) and C (Oxidative phosphorylation) are part of aerobic respiration and occur in mitochondria, which are less active during intense exercise compared to glycolysis.

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A patient presents with increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, hypertension, arthritis, menstrual disturbances, and diabetes mellitus. Upon administration of oral glucose, which of the following levels would increase?

  • A. GH
  • B. IGF
  • C. GH and IGF
  • D. ADH
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: IGF. Increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, along with other symptoms, suggest acromegaly due to excess growth hormone (GH) secretion. GH stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which mediates many of GH's effects. In acromegaly, elevated IGF levels contribute to the clinical manifestations. Option A (GH) is incorrect because GH levels may be high but not necessarily in response to oral glucose. Option C (GH and IGF) is incorrect as GH alone does not directly increase in response to oral glucose. Option D (ADH) is unrelated to the scenario described.

Which sequence is part of the life cycle of a very large mass star?

  • A. red giant → planetary nebula + neutron star
  • B. red giant → planetary nebula + black hole
  • C. red supergiant → supernova → neutron star
  • D. red supergiant → supernova → black hole
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: red supergiant → supernova → black hole. This sequence is part of the life cycle of a very large mass star. Red supergiants are massive stars in the later stages of their evolution. When a red supergiant goes supernova, it explodes in a massive stellar explosion, leaving behind a remnant that can collapse into a black hole due to the immense gravitational forces. Choices A and B are incorrect because planetary nebulae form from the outer layers of lower mass stars, not very large mass stars. Choice C is incorrect as neutron stars are more likely to form from the remnants of less massive stars.

The nurse is assessing a client who exhibits spontaneous spasm of the fingers or toes, mouth twitching or jaw tightening when he taps the cheek anteriorly to the earlobe. What sign does the nurse identify to document in the chart that is consistent with tetany?

  • A. Lhermitte's sign
  • B. Trousseau's sign
  • C. Chvostek's sign
  • D. Bulge sign
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chvostek's sign is a positive sign of tetany, where tapping the cheek causes twitching of the facial muscles, indicating low calcium levels.

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for maintaining hormone levels within a narrow range?

  • A. negative feedback mechanisms
  • B. positive feedback mechanisms
  • C. hormone-receptor complexes
  • D. hormone-gene complexes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: negative feedback mechanisms. Negative feedback mechanisms help maintain hormone levels within a narrow range by inhibiting further hormone production once a certain level is reached. When hormone levels rise, negative feedback signals the body to decrease hormone production, preventing excessive levels. Positive feedback mechanisms, on the other hand, amplify hormone production. Hormone-receptor complexes and hormone-gene complexes are not directly responsible for maintaining hormone levels within a narrow range but rather play roles in hormone signaling and gene expression, respectively.

Cushing syndrome:

  • A. may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.
  • B. is caused by adrenal insufficiency.
  • C. is characterized by hypoglycemia and low blood volume.
  • D. is treated with growth hormone.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Cushing syndrome is typically caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can result from steroid therapy like prednisone. This leads to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Adrenal insufficiency (B) is actually the opposite condition. Cushing syndrome is characterized by hyperglycemia and increased blood volume, making choices C incorrect. Growth hormone is not a primary treatment for Cushing syndrome, making choice D incorrect.

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