Nokea
Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?
- A. Intracellular
- B. Intravascular
- C. Extracellular
- D. Interstitial
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium is the major extracellular electrolyte.
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The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L. What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Tooth loss
- C. Renal calculi
- D. Contractures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypercalcemia occurs when calcium levels exceed 5.8 mEq/L. It may occur when calcium stored in the bone enters the circulation for example, in patients who are immobilized. Renal calculi may develop because of high levels of calcium.
The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?
- A. 1000 mL
- B. 1500 mL
- C. 2050 mL
- D. 2500 mL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily fluid intake and output is about 2200 to 2700 mL/day, and urinary output is about 1000 to 2000 mL/day.
The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium. What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?
- A. Apples and green beans
- B. Kiwis and onions
- C. Apricots and asparagus
- D. Grapes and lima beans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apricots and asparagus are potassium-rich.
The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?
- A. 10 mL
- B. 20 mL
- C. 30 mL
- D. 40 mL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys must excrete a minimum of 30 mL/h to eliminate waste products.
The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?
- A. Diffusion
- B. Filtration
- C. Osmosis
- D. Homeostasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.