Nokea
What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
- A. Systemic edema
- B. Cardiac complications
- C. Muscle cramping
- D. Impaired kidney function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia can affect cardiac function.
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Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal. What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?
- A. Blood buffers kidneys and lungs
- B. Kidneys lungs and blood buffers
- C. Blood buffers lungs and kidneys
- D. Lungs kidneys and blood buffers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The three systems are blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys. The blood buffers' speed is a fraction of a second, the lungs take minutes, and the kidneys take hours to days.
What are the three buffer systems of the body?
- A. Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system
- B. Respiratory system
- C. Renal system
- D. GI system
- E. Integumentary system
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The bicarbonate/carbonic acid system, the respiratory system, and the renal system are the buffer systems of the body.
Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is this ratio?
- A. 1:5
- B. 1:10
- C. 1:15
- D. 1:20
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarbonate.
A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered to be?
- A. Hyponatremic
- B. Hypokalemic
- C. Hypernatremic
- D. Hypercalcemic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypernatremia is a greater-than-normal concentration of sodium, which leads to retained fluids and edema.
What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?
- A. Hydrostatic pressure
- B. Osmotic pressure
- C. Blood pressure
- D. Pulse pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electrolytes are moved by hydrostatic pressure, which is a form of active transport.