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__ softens stools speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract and reduces pressure in the colon.
Correct Answer: fiber
Rationale: Insoluble fiber softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon. Thus it may help relieve constipation and reduce the risk of certain gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as diverticulosis or hemorrhoids.
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The nurse is educating a patient on a vegan diet. What supplement will the nurse encourage this patient to take to avoid a deficiency?
- A. B6
- B. B12
- C. K
- D. D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B12 is almost exclusively found in animal products, but it can be supplemented with fortified cereals or vitamins.
The body uses 22 common amino acids but 9 of them must be obtained from protein in the diet. What are these proteins considered?
- A. Essential
- B. Basic
- C. Fundamental
- D. Primary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Essential amino acids must be consumed in the diet, because the body cannot make them.
At approximately 4 to 6 months of age solid food is introduced to a baby. What foods with high iron content should be recommended by the nurse?
- A. Pureed fruit
- B. Fortified cereals
- C. Fruit juice
- D. Rice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At approximately 4 to 6 months, iron-rich foods, such as fortified cereal and pureed meat, are introduced to a baby.
To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods the nurse explains that 3 g of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g. How many kcal/g does 3 g of fish oil produce?
- A. 6 kcal/g
- B. 15 kcal/g
- C. 21 kcal/g
- D. 27 kcal/g
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal/g.
What has replaced the USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
- A. Nutrition Recommended Allowance (NRA)
- B. National Bionutritional Allowance (NBA)
- C. Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
- D. Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) has replaced the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).