Nokea
Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Efficacy
- C. Specificity
- D. Sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free.
Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity.
Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity.
Summary:
A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose.
B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions.
C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease.
D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
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Estimate the number of pregnant women who will be given tetanus toxoid during an immunization outreach activity in a barangay with a population of about 1,500.
- A. 265
- B. 300
- C. 375
- D. 400
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 265. To estimate the number of pregnant women receiving tetanus toxoid during an outreach activity, we can use the average prevalence rate of 17.7 pregnant women per 1,000 population. So, 1,500 * 17.7 / 1,000 = 26.55, which rounds to 27 pregnant women. Since the population is 1,500, we can estimate that around 27 * 10 = 270 pregnant women. However, not all pregnant women may attend the activity, so we can further estimate that around 270 * 0.98 = 265 pregnant women will likely receive tetanus toxoid.
Summary of other choices:
B: 300 - Overestimates the number of pregnant women likely to receive tetanus toxoid.
C: 375 - Overestimates even more, not a reasonable estimate based on the given population.
D: 400 - Significantly overestimates the number
Freedom of choice is one of the policies of the Family Planning Program of the Philippines. Which of the following illustrates this principle?
- A. Information dissemination about the need for family planning
- B. Support for research and development in family planning methods
- C. Adequate information for couples regarding the different methods
- D. Encouragement for couples to take family planning as a joint responsibility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it directly aligns with the principle of freedom of choice in family planning. Providing couples with adequate information regarding different methods empowers them to make informed decisions based on their preferences and circumstances. This choice respects individual autonomy and allows couples to choose the method that best suits their needs.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Information dissemination is important but does not necessarily guarantee freedom of choice.
B: Supporting research and development is beneficial but does not directly relate to the freedom of choice for couples.
D: Encouraging joint responsibility is valuable for promoting communication, but it does not explicitly ensure freedom of choice for individuals.
What is the primary purpose of providing iron supplementation to pregnant women?
- A. To prevent anemia
- B. To support fetal growth
- C. To reduce the risk of premature labor
- D. To decrease the likelihood of postpartum hemorrhage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To prevent anemia. Iron supplementation in pregnant women is primarily aimed at preventing iron-deficiency anemia, a common condition during pregnancy due to increased demand for iron. Anemia can lead to complications for both the mother and the fetus, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Providing iron helps maintain adequate hemoglobin levels for optimal oxygen transport.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Supporting fetal growth is an important aspect of prenatal care, but iron supplementation specifically targets preventing anemia.
C: While iron deficiency may contribute to premature labor, the primary purpose of iron supplementation is to prevent anemia.
D: Postpartum hemorrhage risk is more related to factors such as uterine atony and trauma during childbirth, not directly impacted by iron supplementation.
Civil registries are important sources of data. Which law requires registration of births within 30 days from the occurrence of the birth?
- A. PD 651
- B. Act 3573
- C. RA 3753
- D. RA 3375
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: PD 651. This law is the Civil Registry Law, which mandates the registration of births within 30 days. PD 651 was enacted specifically to ensure the timely and accurate recording of vital events. Act 3573 pertains to the reporting of communicable diseases, not birth registration. RA 3753 focuses on the use of an alias or pseudonym, not birth registration. RA 3375 involves the registration of firearms, not births. Overall, PD 651 is the most relevant law in requiring the registration of births within 30 days, making it the correct choice.
What is the legal basis of the Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines?
- A. Alma Ata Declaration on PHC
- B. Letter of Instruction No. 949
- C. Presidential Decree No. 147
- D. Presidential Decree No. 996
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Letter of Instruction No. 949. This document issued by the Philippine government in 1979 officially adopted the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach. It outlined the strategies and framework for implementing PHC nationwide. The Alma Ata Declaration on PHC (A) is a global agreement but not the legal basis in the Philippines. Presidential Decree No. 147 (C) and Presidential Decree No. 996 (D) do not specifically address the PHC approach. Therefore, the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines is Letter of Instruction No. 949.