ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet

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T cells can recognize

  • A. Linear peptides
  • B. The shape of antigens
  • C. Buried epitopes
  • D. Soluble antigens
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The shape of antigens. T cells recognize antigens based on their shape, specifically the conformational structure of the antigen. T cell receptors interact with the surface of antigens, forming a complex based on the shape complementarity. This interaction is crucial for T cell activation and immune response.

A: Linear peptides - While T cells can recognize linear peptides presented by MHC molecules, the primary mode of recognition is through the shape of antigens.
C: Buried epitopes - T cells typically recognize epitopes displayed on the surface of antigens rather than buried within the structure.
D: Soluble antigens - T cells can recognize both soluble and membrane-bound antigens, but the key factor is the shape rather than the solubility of the antigen.

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What accurately describes passive acquired immunity (select all that apply)?

  • A. Pooled gamma globulin
  • B. Immunization with antigen
  • C. Temporary for several months
  • D. Immediate, lasting several weeks
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Passive acquired immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as pooled gamma globulin, maternal immunoglobulins, and immediate protection that lasts for weeks to months.

Mucins are

  • A. Produced by all epithelial cells
  • B. Heavily glycosylated proteins that form a gel-like physical barrier on mucosal surfaces
  • C. Natural antibiotics produced by specialized epithelial cells
  • D. Found exclusively in the respiratory tract
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Mucins are heavily glycosylated proteins that form a gel-like barrier on mucosal surfaces.
2. This barrier helps protect the underlying tissues from pathogens and physical damage.
3. Mucins are primarily produced by goblet cells in epithelial tissues.
4. Choice B correctly describes the function and structure of mucins.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect because not all epithelial cells produce mucins.
- Choice C is incorrect as mucins are not natural antibiotics.
- Choice D is incorrect as mucins are present in various mucosal surfaces, not exclusively in the respiratory tract.

The industrial nurse examines an employee who complains of right shoulder pain on abduction. He points with one finger to the exact location of the pain and mentions that he won a racquetball tournament yesterday. The nurse suspects the employee is suffering from which problem?

  • A. Rotator cuff tear
  • B. Bursitis
  • C. Dislocation
  • D. Subluxation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bursitis. The employee's complaint of shoulder pain on abduction, localized pain with a specific trigger (racquetball tournament), and no mention of trauma or instability suggest an inflammatory condition like bursitis. The other choices are incorrect because a rotator cuff tear typically presents with weakness, dislocation with a history of trauma and visible deformity, and subluxation with recurrent episodes of partial dislocation.

The patient is learning about skin care related to the external radiation that he is receiving. Which instructions should the nurse include in this teaching?

  • A. Moisturize skin with lotion
  • B. Keep the area covered if it is sore
  • C. Dry the skin thoroughly after cleansing it
  • D. Avoid extreme temperatures to the area
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Avoiding extreme temperatures protects the radiated skin from further irritation.

Priority Decision: During care of patients, what is the most important precaution for preventing transmission of infections?

  • A. Wearing face and eye protection during routine daily care of the patient
  • B. Wearing nonsterile gloves when in contact with body fluids, excretions, and contaminated items
  • C. Wearing a gown to protect the skin and clothing during patient care activities likely to soil clothing
  • D. Hand washing after touching fluids and secretions and removing gloves, as well as between patient contacts
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hand hygiene remains the single most effective measure in preventing the spread of infections, even when personal protective equipment (PPE) is used.

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