Nokea
The adrenal medulla:
- A. is an extension of the “feed-and-breed†division of the autonomic nervous system.
- B. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- C. secretes steroids.
- D. causes Cushing syndrome when it is overactive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are hormones involved in the body's response to stress or danger. These hormones help increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because:
A: The adrenal medulla is actually part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, not the "feed-and-breed" division.
C: Steroids are produced by the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla.
D: Cushing syndrome is caused by overactivity of the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla.
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The two regulatory systems of the body are the endocrine system and the .
- A. skeletal system
- B. immune system
- C. nervous system
- D. respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: nervous system. The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones, while the nervous system controls body functions through electrical impulses. Both systems coordinate and control various bodily functions. The skeletal system (A) supports and protects the body, the immune system (B) defends against pathogens, and the respiratory system (D) facilitates gas exchange. However, these systems do not primarily regulate and control bodily functions like the endocrine and nervous systems.
Adonis arrives at the gym and spots a dumbbell he wants to use. When attempting to lift the weight, his biceps brachii contract, but the weight is not moved because it is too heavy. This is called?
- A. Isometric contraction
- B. Concentric contraction
- C. Eccentric contraction
- D. Incomplete tetanus
Correct Answer: a
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Isometric contraction. In isometric contraction, the muscle contracts but there is no movement at the joint. In this scenario, Adonis's biceps brachii contract but the weight is not moved, indicating an isometric contraction. In concentric contraction (B), the muscle shortens to move the weight upward. In eccentric contraction (C), the muscle lengthens while under tension, controlling the descent of the weight. Incomplete tetanus (D) refers to a state where muscle fibers are stimulated rapidly but not at the maximum rate to produce sustained contractions.
A client, age 64, has complaints of frequent spells of fatigue and inability to sleep. She also reports hair loss and an allergy to seafood. Which of the following information is essential to consider before initiating a thyroid test for the client?
- A. Her age
- B. Complaints of fatigue and inability to sleep
- C. Allergy to seafood
- D. Hair loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An allergy to seafood may indicate a potential iodine sensitivity, which is relevant when interpreting thyroid test results, as iodine is a key component in thyroid function.
Where Are Islets of Langerhans Found?
- A. Anterior pituitary
- B. Cortex
- C. Spleen
- D. Endocrine pancreas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas that regulate blood sugar levels. Choice D, Endocrine pancreas, is correct because the Islets of Langerhans are specifically located in the pancreas. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Islets of Langerhans are not found in the anterior pituitary, cortex, or spleen. The pancreas is the primary organ associated with blood sugar regulation, making it the correct location for the Islets of Langerhans.
If the male labelled X is later mated to a black female, what ratio of coat colour would be expected in the offspring?
- A. all black
- B. all brown
- C. 3:1 brown: black
- D. 1:1 brown: black
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The male labeled X must carry both brown and black coat color genes as it is brown. When mated with a black female, the male will pass on either a brown or black gene to the offspring. This results in a 1:1 ratio of brown to black coat color in the offspring. All black (A) and all brown (B) are incorrect as the male carries both genes. The 3:1 ratio (C) is not applicable here as the male can pass on either brown or black gene equally.