Nokea
The autonomic nervous system includes any of the following EXCEPT:
- A. hypothalamus
- B. paravertebral sympathetic trunk
- C. vagal nerve
- D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cerebral cortex is the correct answer because the autonomic nervous system (ANS) primarily consists of the hypothalamus, brainstem, and peripheral nerves, which regulate involuntary bodily functions. The cerebral cortex, however, is involved in higher cognitive functions and voluntary motor control, and is not part of the ANS.
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To prevent strain on Mr. Tucker's back muscles, which nursing action is INAPPROPRIATE?
- A. To place him on bed pan, logroll using a turning sheet
- B. When lying on his side, flex upper leg and place a pillow between his knees
- C. When lying on his back, place pillows under entire length of his knees
- D. To turn him on his side, gently turn his shoulders and upper trunk first, prop with a pillow, then turn his pelvis and lower limbs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Turning the pelvis and lower limbs last can strain back muscles.
What causes an initial incomplete spinal cord injury to result in complete cord damage?
- A. Edematous compression of the cord above the level of the injury
- B. Continued trauma to the cord resulting from damage to stabilizing ligaments
- C. Infarction and necrosis of the cord caused by edema, hemorrhage, and metabolites
- D. Mechanical transection of the cord by sharp vertebral bone fragments after the initial injury
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Secondary injury due to ischemia and inflammation can lead to complete cord damage.
Which nervous system structure is associated with control of hunger?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. hippocampus
- C. cerebellar
- D. medulla
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic functions. It integrates signals from the body and brain to maintain energy balance and control feeding behavior.
The nurse suspects a fat embolism rather than a pulmonary embolism from a venous thrombosis when the patient with a fracture develops what?
- A. Tachycardia and dyspnea
- B. A sudden onset of chest pain
- C. Petechiae around the neck and upper chest
- D. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and decreased PaO2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Petechiae are characteristic of fat embolism.
A new patient arrived in a physician's unit. He or she has been diagnosed with a brain tumor. The physician is told that the patient is unable to speak. Based on this sign, where is the tumor located?
- A. Frontal lobe.
- B. Occipital lobe.
- C. Cerebellum.
- D. Parietal lobe.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The frontal lobe controls speech and language functions.