Nokea
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule contain a lot of mitochondria. Why?
- A. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the passive transport of compounds across the membrane
- B. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the diffusion of compounds across the membrane
- C. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the pumping of compounds through the tubules
- D. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the active transport of compounds across the membrane
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mitochondria provide ATP for active transport of nutrients like glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule.
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Trypsin is an endopeptidase. What does this mean?
- A. It breaks the protein from the ends and middle forming smaller molecules
- B. It breaks the protein from the ends forming amino acids
- C. It breaks down carbohydrates forming sugars
- D. It breaks the protein in the middle of the molecule forming smaller polypeptides
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Trypsin, an endopeptidase, cleaves peptide bonds within protein chains, producing smaller polypeptides.
Which of the following parts of the digestive system has the most important role in nutrient absorption?
- A. stomach
- B. esophagus
- C. large intestines
- D. small intestines
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption due to its large surface area and specialized structures like villi and microvilli.
Amino acids are absorbed in-
- A. Blood capillaries of villi
- B. Wall of rectum
- C. Lacteals and blood capillaries of villi
- D. Lacteals of villi
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amino acids are absorbed into the blood capillaries of the villi in the small intestine.
The diagram shows a section through a villus. Y X What is a function of structure X and of structure Y?
- A. X: to absorb amino acids, Y: to digest starch
- B. X: to carry blood, Y: to secrete mucus
- C. X: to transport fats, Y: to secrete enzymes
- D. X: to transport glucose, Y: to help peristalsis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structure X (epithelial cells) absorbs amino acids, while structure Y (goblet cells) secretes mucus.
Which of the given enzymes is responsible for the digestion of milk protein?
- A. Erepsin
- B. Trypsin
- C. Pepsin
- D. Rennin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rennin is responsible for the digestion of milk protein. Rennin is present in the human body in its inactive form called prorenin. When we consume milk, it reacts with the hydrochloric acid present in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid activates the inert prorenin and converts it into active Rennin.