Nokea
The cerebellum, ________ portion of the brain, is located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
- A. the largest
- B. the second largest
- C. the third largest
- D. the smallest
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is the second largest portion of the brain, located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. It plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. While the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, the cerebellum is smaller but still significant in size and function. Therefore, the second largest is the correct answer.
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You are providing care for a patient with an acute hemorrhagic stroke. The patient's husband has been reading a lot about strokes and asks why his wife did not receive alteplase. What is your best response?
- A. Your wife was not admitted within the time frame that alteplase is usually given.
- B. This drug is used primarily for patients who experience an acute heart attack.
- C. Alteplase dissolves clots and may cause more bleeding into your wife's brain.
- D. Your wife had gallbladder surgery just 6 months ago and this prevents the use of alteplase.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alteplase increases the risk of bleeding, making it contraindicated in hemorrhagic stroke.
In counseling patients with spinal cord lesions regarding sexual function, how should the nurse advise a male patient with a complete lower motor neuron lesion?
- A. He is most likely to have reflexogenic erections and may experience orgasm if ejaculation occurs
- B. He may have uncontrolled reflex erections but orgasm and ejaculation are usually not possible
- C. He has a lesion with the greatest possibility of successful psychogenic erection with ejaculation and orgasm
- D. He will probably be unable to have either psychogenic or reflexogenic erections and no ejaculation or orgasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions result in uncontrolled reflex erections.
The nurse is caring for a client with ICP. Why will the nurse position the client in bed with HOB elevated to 30 degrees?
- A. Makes it easier for the client to breathe
- B. Prevents the Valsalva maneuver
- C. Promotes venous drainage
- D. Reduces pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees promotes venous drainage from the brain, reducing intracranial pressure (ICP). This position helps improve cerebral perfusion and prevents complications associated with increased ICP, such as brain herniation.
What is the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by?
- A. Destruction of nucleic acids and other self-proteins by autoantibodies
- B. Overproduction of collagen that disrupts the functioning of internal organs
- C. Formation of abnormal IgG that attaches to cellular antigens, activating complement
- D. Increased activity of T suppressor cells with B-cell hypoactivity, resulting in an immunodeficiency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autoantibodies attack self-proteins in SLE.
The nurse instructs a client who has a neurological deficit regarding nutrition and diet. What should the client do?
- A. Eat two large meals instead of frequent small meals.
- B. Consume a diet low in fiber.
- C. Chew foods quickly.
- D. Be sure to take fluids frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Staying hydrated is crucial for clients with neurological deficits to prevent constipation and urinary tract infections.