Respiratory System NCLEX Questions

Respiratory System NCLEX Questions Related

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The charge nurse on a medical unit is preparing to admit several "clients" who have possible pandemic flu during a preparedness drill. What action by the nurse is best?

  • A. Admit the "clients" on Contact Precautions.
  • B. Inquire as to recent travel outside the United States.
  • C. Do not allow pregnant caregivers to care for these "clients."
  • D. Place the "clients" on enhanced Droplet Precautions.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a pandemic flu scenario, it is crucial to inquire about recent travel history to identify potential exposure risks. This information can help determine if the "clients" have been in high-risk areas or in contact with infected individuals. This step is essential for implementing appropriate infection control measures and preventing the spread of the virus.

Choice A is incorrect because Contact Precautions are not typically used for airborne infections like the flu. Choice C is incorrect as it discriminates against pregnant caregivers without any evidence-based rationale. Choice D is incorrect because enhanced Droplet Precautions are more suitable for diseases spread through respiratory droplets, not necessarily for pandemic flu with potential airborne transmission.

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A male adult patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving pancuronium bromide (Pavulon), 0.01 mg/kg I.V. as needed. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient needs another pancuronium dose?

  • A. Leg movement
  • B. Finger movement
  • C. Lip movement
  • D. Fighting the ventilator
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fighting the ventilator. This indicates inadequate muscle relaxation, requiring another dose of pancuronium. Leg, finger, and lip movements are not reliable indicators of muscle relaxation in a mechanically ventilated patient. Fighting the ventilator suggests the patient is not adequately sedated or paralyzed, requiring further intervention to maintain optimal ventilation and oxygenation.

Which ion is formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on carbon dioxide and water?

  • A. Sodium ion (Na+)
  • B. Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
  • C. Hydroxide ion (OH-)
  • D. Potassium ion (K+)
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Step 2: This reaction forms carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Step 3: Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen ion (H+).
Step 4: Therefore, the ion formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 and H2O is the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-).
Summary:
- Choice A (Sodium ion) is incorrect as it is not involved in the reaction with carbonic anhydrase.
- Choice C (Hydroxide ion) is incorrect as it is not a product of the reaction but rather a different compound.
- Choice D (Potassium ion) is incorrect as it is not related to the reaction between carbon dioxide and water.

pharynx is a muscular tube with a length of

  • A. 13cm
  • B. 12cm
  • C. Sinches
  • D. both a and c
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 13cm. The human pharynx is typically around 13cm in length. This length allows for the proper passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus. Choice B (12cm) is incorrect as it is slightly shorter than the average length of the pharynx. Choice C (5 inches) is also incorrect as it does not correspond to the standard unit of measurement for medical lengths. Choice D (both a and c) is incorrect as 12cm and 5 inches are not equivalent lengths for the pharynx.

The term hypercapnia refers to

  • A. the cessation of breathing
  • B. elevated PCO2
  • C. elevated PO2
  • D. an increase in pH
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Understand the term - Hypercapnia means increased levels of CO2 in the blood.
Step 2: Elevated PCO2 directly relates to increased CO2 levels.
Step 3: This condition can lead to respiratory issues due to excess CO2.
Step 4: Therefore, choice B, elevated PCO2, is the correct answer.
Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as hypercapnia specifically refers to increased CO2 levels, not the cessation of breathing, elevated PO2, or an increase in pH.

A SCUBA diver has been deep underwater and suddenly rises to the surface too fast. Why does the diver get decompression sickness?

  • A. Pressure decreases and carbon dioxide rushes into cells
  • B. Pressure changes too fast and the carbon dioxide in the blood forms bubbles
  • C. Pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles
  • D. The gas in the SCUBA tank had too much pressure and rapid ascent forces too much air into the blood
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because as the SCUBA diver rises too fast, the pressure decreases rapidly. This causes the nitrogen gas that was dissolved in the blood at high pressure to form bubbles, leading to decompression sickness. Choice A is incorrect because carbon dioxide rushing into cells is not the cause of decompression sickness. Choice B is incorrect because it refers to carbon dioxide forming bubbles in the blood, which is not the mechanism of decompression sickness. Choice D is incorrect because it focuses on excess air from the SCUBA tank entering the blood, which is not the primary reason for decompression sickness.

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