Nokea
Which of the following nursing activities is most important when a client comes back from a respiratory test if they have respiratory problems?
- A. Allow the client to rest
- B. Assess the client’s airway
- C. Teach the client important information
- D. Teach the family about respiratory disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Assessing the airway is critical immediately after a respiratory test, especially if the client has pre-existing respiratory issues. A (rest) is secondary until stability is confirmed. C and D involve education, which is important but not urgent compared to ensuring airway patency.
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Mammalian lungs have numerous alveoli for
- A. Increasing the volume of inspired air
- B. Keeping the lungs in proper shape
- C. Higher number of muscles to provide greater elasticity
- D. Increasing surface area for gaseous diffusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because alveoli increase the surface area for gaseous diffusion, facilitating efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. Option A is incorrect as alveoli do not affect the volume of inspired air. Option B is incorrect as alveoli do not play a role in maintaining lung shape. Option C is incorrect as alveoli do not increase muscles in the lungs for elasticity. Therefore, the primary function of alveoli is to increase surface area for gaseous diffusion, making option D the correct choice.
pharynx is a muscular tube with a length of
- A. 13cm
- B. 12cm
- C. Sinches
- D. both a and c
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 13cm. The human pharynx is typically around 13cm in length. This length allows for the proper passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus. Choice B (12cm) is incorrect as it is slightly shorter than the average length of the pharynx. Choice C (5 inches) is also incorrect as it does not correspond to the standard unit of measurement for medical lengths. Choice D (both a and c) is incorrect as 12cm and 5 inches are not equivalent lengths for the pharynx.
A client who is found unresponsive has the following arterial blood gases: pH 7.12,
PCO2 90, and HCO3 26. The nurse interprets the results as indicating which
condition?
- A. Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
- B. Respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
- C. Metabolic acidosis without compensation
- D. Respiratory acidosis without compensation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, respiratory acidosis without compensation. The low pH and high PCO2 levels indicate respiratory acidosis. HCO3 is within normal range, suggesting no metabolic compensation. This is not metabolic acidosis as the HCO3 level is not elevated. Not partial compensation as the HCO3 level is not compensating for the respiratory acidosis.
The concentration of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere is approximately
- A. 78 percent.
- B. 66 percent.
- C. 50 percent
- D. 33 percent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 78 percent. The rationale is based on the fact that nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. This is a well-known scientific fact supported by various studies and measurements. Option B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the established data on the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, followed by oxygen, which is around 21%. Therefore, option A is the correct choice based on scientific evidence and consensus.
A nurse is preparing to obtain a sputum specimen from a male client. Which of the following nursing actions will facilitate obtaining the specimen?
- A. Limiting fluid.
- B. Having the client take deep breaths.
- C. Asking the client to spit into the collection container.
- D. Asking the client to obtain the specimen after eating.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Having the client take deep breaths. This action facilitates obtaining a sputum specimen by helping the client to cough and expectorate sputum effectively. Deep breaths help to mobilize secretions, making it easier for the client to produce a quality specimen. Limiting fluid intake (choice A) can lead to dehydration and thickening of secretions, making it harder to obtain a specimen. Asking the client to spit into the container (choice C) may result in contamination with saliva. Asking the client to obtain the specimen after eating (choice D) can introduce food particles into the specimen, affecting the accuracy of the test.