Nokea
The chief difference between Trachea and Bronchioles is
- A. Trachea lacks cartilage
- B. Bronchiole lacks cartilage
- C. Trachea is long
- D. Bronchiole is small
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchiole lacks cartilage. The trachea is a part of the conducting airway that contains C-shaped cartilage rings for structural support, while bronchioles are smaller airways that lack cartilage. Bronchioles are primarily composed of smooth muscle, allowing for dynamic changes in airway diameter. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the trachea does contain cartilage, the length of the trachea does not differentiate it from bronchioles, and the size of the bronchioles alone does not define the chief difference between trachea and bronchioles.
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Actual exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the
- A. bronchi.
- B. alveoli.
- C. bronchioles.
- D. tracheas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through diffusion. This process is crucial for oxygenating the blood and removing carbon dioxide. Bronchi (A), bronchioles (C), and trachea (D) are all parts of the respiratory system, but they do not participate directly in gas exchange. Bronchi are the main airways that branch off from the trachea, bronchioles are smaller airways that lead to the alveoli, and the trachea is the main airway that carries air to and from the lungs.
Residual volume in lungs of an average human is
- A. 500 ml
- B. 3-4.5 ml
- C. 1000 ml
- D. 1500 ml
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (1500 ml) because residual volume refers to the amount of air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation, which is around 1200-1500 ml in an average human. This volume is necessary to keep the alveoli inflated and prevent lung collapse. Choices A (500 ml), B (3-4.5 ml), and C (1000 ml) are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the typical residual volume in the lungs of an average human. Choice A is too low, choices B and C are significantly below the actual range of residual volume.
A nurse is demonstrating suctioning a tracheostomy during the annual skills review. What action by the student demonstrates that more teaching is needed?
- A. Applying suction while inserting the catheter
- B. Preoxygenating the client prior to suctioning
- C. Suctioning for a total of three times if needed
- D. Suctioning for only 10 to 15 seconds each time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because applying suction while inserting the catheter can cause damage to the tracheal mucosa and lead to bleeding or injury. The correct technique is to insert the catheter without applying suction, then apply suction while withdrawing it. Preoxygenating the client (B) is a recommended practice to prevent hypoxia. Suctioning for a total of three times if needed (C) and suctioning for only 10 to 15 seconds each time (D) are both appropriate and safe suctioning practices.
A client with bronchitis is admitted to the hospital. What would the nurse expect the admitting assessment NOT to reveal?
- A. Cough
- B. Bloody sputum
- C. Chest pain
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradycardia. In bronchitis, the body typically responds to inflammation by increasing heart rate (tachycardia) to improve oxygen delivery. Bradycardia is not a common finding in bronchitis and would be unexpected. Choices A, B, and C are commonly associated with bronchitis due to the inflammation in the airways causing cough, production of bloody sputum, and chest pain. These symptoms are typical manifestations of bronchitis and would be expected in the admitting assessment.
When examining the posterior pharynx and tonsils, which of the following objective data does the nurse note?
- A. Difficulty in sneezing
- B. Suppressed gag reflex
- C. Deformities
- D. Inflammation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Inflammation is a key finding during examination of the posterior pharynx and tonsils, especially in infections such as tonsillitis. A (difficulty in sneezing) is unrelated to pharyngeal assessment. B (suppressed gag reflex) might indicate neurological issues but isn't typically noted during routine exams. C (deformities) is rare unless there's structural abnormality.