Common Cardiovascular Drugs

Common Cardiovascular Drugs Related

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The drug can be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:

  • A. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
  • B. Amiloride (Midamor)
  • C. Both of the above
  • D. Neither of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A (Hydrochlorothiazide) is correct:
1. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that decreases urine volume by increasing water reabsorption.
2. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing excessive urine production.
3. Hydrochlorothiazide can help reduce urine output by enhancing water reabsorption, thus alleviating symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Summary of other choices:
- Choice B (Amiloride) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that does not directly address the underlying mechanism of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
- Choice C (Both of the above) is incorrect as only Hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for treating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
- Choice D (Neither of the above) is incorrect as Hydrochlorothiazide is indeed

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Tick the drug for strongiloidosis treatment:

  • A. Niclosamide
  • B. Praziquantel
  • C. Bithionol
  • D. Ivermectin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ivermectin. Ivermectin is the drug of choice for strongyloidiasis due to its high efficacy and low toxicity. It works by paralyzing and killing the parasites. Niclosamide (A) is used for tapeworm infections, Praziquantel (B) for schistosomiasis, and Bithionol (C) for fascioliasis. Therefore, D is the correct choice for treating strongyloidiasis.

A drug causes muscarinic receptor blockade. The nurse will assess the patient for

  • A. dry mouth.
  • B. gynecomasti
  • C. pseudoparkinsonism.
  • D. orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: dry mouth. Muscarinic receptor blockade inhibits parasympathetic nervous system activity, leading to decreased secretion of saliva. This causes dry mouth. Gynecomastia (choice B) is unrelated to muscarinic receptor blockade. Pseudoparkinsonism (choice C) is associated with dopamine receptor blockade, not muscarinic receptors. Orthostatic hypotension (choice D) is more commonly seen with alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade.

The following statements are true except: Unfractionated heparin:

  • A. Binds to antithrombin III
  • B. Inhibits the action of thrombin
  • C. Is monitored in the laboratory by measurement of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
  • D. Is reversed by protamine sulphate
Correct Answer: d

Rationale: Unfractionated heparin enhances antithrombin III (A), inhibits thrombin (B), is monitored by APTT (C), is less effective with antithrombin deficiency (D), and is reversed by protamine (E).

A patient who takes lithium phones the nurse at the clinic to say, “I’ve had diarrhea for 4 days. I feel weak and unsteady when I walk. My usual hand tremor has gotten worse. What should I do?” Which instruction by the nurse is appropriate?

  • A. “Have someone bring you to the clinic immediately.”
  • B. “Restrict food and fluids for 24 hours and stay in bed.”
  • C. “Drink a large glass of water with 1 teaspoon of salt added.”
  • D. “Take antidiarrheal medication hourly until the diarrhea subsides.”
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Have someone bring you to the clinic immediately." This is the appropriate instruction because the patient is experiencing symptoms of lithium toxicity, such as diarrhea, weakness, unsteadiness, and worsening hand tremor. Lithium toxicity is a serious condition that can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. Bringing the patient to the clinic immediately allows for proper evaluation, monitoring, and treatment by healthcare professionals.

Summary:
- Choice B: "Restrict food and fluids for 24 hours and stay in bed" is incorrect as it does not address the urgency of the situation and may worsen dehydration.
- Choice C: "Drink a large glass of water with 1 teaspoon of salt added" is incorrect as it can exacerbate the electrolyte imbalance caused by lithium toxicity.
- Choice D: "Take antidiarrheal medication hourly until the diarrhea subsides" is incorrect as it does not address the root cause of the symptoms and may delay necessary medical intervention.

The client has a myocardial infarction and going into shock. What might be a medication to give to counteract shock in cases of myocardial infarction?

  • A. Atropine
  • B. Dopamine
  • C. Digoxin
  • D. Adenosine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dopamine, a vasopressor and inotrope, is used in cardiogenic shock post-MI to improve blood pressure and cardiac output.