Nokea
The element essential for normal thyroid function is:
- A. Potassium
- B. Sodium
- C. Iodine
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Potassium (A), Sodium (B), and Calcium (D) do not play a direct role in thyroid function. Potassium and Sodium are electrolytes important for nerve function and fluid balance, while Calcium is crucial for bone health and muscle function. Therefore, the correct answer is Iodine as it is specifically required for normal thyroid function.
You may also like to solve these questions
We have an emergency clinical situation, which requires a drug to produce both bronchodilation and raise blood pressure. Which one of the following drugs can achieve these two goals?
- A. Atropine
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Isoproterenol
- D. Noradrenaline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Adrenaline is a non-selective adrenergic agonist that acts on both alpha and beta receptors.
2. Activation of beta-2 receptors in the lungs causes bronchodilation.
3. Activation of alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels raises blood pressure.
4. Atropine (A) is a muscarinic antagonist, not adrenergic.
5. Isoproterenol (C) primarily targets beta receptors, not alpha for blood pressure.
6. Noradrenaline (D) mainly acts on alpha receptors, not beta for bronchodilation.
Which of the following are incorrectly paired?
- A. Gluconeogenesis : Cortisol
- B. Free fatty acid mobilization : Dehydroepiandrosterone
- C. Muscle glycogenolysis : Epinephrine
- D. Kaliuresis : Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because free fatty acid mobilization is primarily regulated by cortisol, not dehydroepiandrosterone. Cortisol promotes lipolysis and stimulates the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Dehydroepiandrosterone is a precursor hormone mainly involved in sex hormone production and has minimal effects on free fatty acid mobilization. Choices A, C, and D are correctly paired as gluconeogenesis is stimulated by cortisol, muscle glycogenolysis is regulated by epinephrine, and kaliuresis is induced by aldosterone.
α-1 adrenergic receptors are selectively blocked by:
- A. Phentolamine
- B. Prazosin
- C. Propranolol
- D. Ergotamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prazosin. α-1 adrenergic receptors are selectively blocked by prazosin. Prazosin is a selective α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, specifically targeting these receptors. It works by blocking the effects of norepinephrine, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
A: Phentolamine is a non-selective α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, blocking both α-1 and α-2 receptors.
C: Propranolol is a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, blocking β-1 and β-2 receptors.
D: Ergotamine is a medication used for the treatment of migraines and has vasoconstrictive properties but does not selectively block α-1 adrenergic receptors.
Identify the mechanisms that control the production and release of hormones.
- A. hormonal, neural and sensory
- B. hormonal, humoral and neural
- C. hormonal, humoral and sensory
- D. humoral, neural and sensory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormonal, humoral, and neural. Hormonal regulation involves feedback loops where hormone levels control their own production. Humoral regulation involves substances in body fluids influencing hormone release. Neural regulation involves the nervous system influencing hormone production. Option A is incorrect because sensory mechanisms do not directly control hormone production. Option C is incorrect because sensory mechanisms are not typically involved in hormone regulation. Option D is incorrect because hormonal control is a key mechanism that was omitted.
A client is admitted to the hospital with Addison's disease. When discharging the client, the nurse reviews discharge instructions on nutrition. Which of the following discharge instructions are important for the client with Addison's disease regarding nutrition?
- A. Eat a diet high in protein, low in refined carbohydrates
- B. Consume two meals per day
- C. Eat foods high in potassium
- D. Drink less than 1 L of fluid per day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A diet high in protein and low in refined carbohydrates is important for clients with Addison's disease to support adrenal function and manage their condition.