Nokea
The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as ______ while the shallow grooves are termed ______.
- A. sulci; gyri
- B. gyri; sulci
- C. ganglia; gyri
- D. tracts; ganglia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The elevated ridges on the cerebral hemispheres are called gyri, and the shallow grooves are called sulci. Ganglia, tracts, receptors, and effectors are unrelated to these structures. Thus, B is the correct answer.
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Which gland is often abnormal in patients with myasthenia gravis?
- A. thymus gland
- B. thyroid gland
- C. adrenal gland
- D. pituitary gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The thymus gland, which plays a role in immune system development, is often abnormal in patients with myasthenia gravis. Thymic hyperplasia or thymoma is commonly associated with the condition, and thymectomy (surgical removal of the thymus) can improve symptoms in some cases.
Nurse Hernandez is conducting an assessment of a client with Parkinson's disease. During the evaluation, she identifies bradykinesia when she observes the client displaying:
- A. Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction.
- B. Inability to move the limbs.
- C. Tremor that occurs with purposeful movement.
- D. A noticeable reduction in voluntary movements.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradykinesia refers to the slowness of movement, a hallmark symptom of Parkinson's disease.
The following muscles are supplied by posterior rami of spinal nerves EXCEPT
- A. Erector spinae
- B. Levator costae
- C. Splenius
- D. Scalene posterior
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The scalene muscles are innervated by the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves, not the posterior rami. The posterior rami supply intrinsic back muscles like the erector spinae.
A person comes to the clinic reporting, I wear a scarf across my lower face when I go out but because of my ugly appearance. Assessment reveals an average appearance with no actual disfigurement. Which problem is most likely?
- A. Dissociative identity disorder
- B. Body dysmorphic disorder
- C. Pseudocyesis
- D. Malingering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Body dysmorphic disorder. This individual's distorted belief about their appearance despite no actual disfigurement aligns with the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. People with this disorder obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance.
Incorrect choices:
A: Dissociative identity disorder involves multiple distinct personality states, not related to body image.
C: Pseudocyesis is a false belief of being pregnant, unrelated to body image.
D: Malingering involves feigning symptoms for external gain, not related to distorted body image perceptions.
What does an abnormal finding in the assessment of cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve) indicate?
- A. Facial asymmetry or difficulty with facial expressions.
- B. Clear and symmetric facial movements.
- C. Normal taste sensation.
- D. Equal and reactive pupils.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Facial asymmetry or difficulty with facial expressions indicates dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve). Clear facial movements, normal taste sensation, and equal pupils are normal findings.