Nokea
The emergency department nurse is working triage during a disaster. Why should the nurse tag a victim after assessment in a disaster situation?
- A. To know the victim's name
- B. To record any client allergies
- C. Someone else does not duplicate the assessment
- D. To record pre-disaster medical history
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The tag is an indication that the victim has been assessed by a nurse. This ensures that the nurse or another medical person does not spend time assessing the same person twice. The tag does not contain information such as allergies or pre-disaster medical history; the person's name may not be readily available in a disaster.
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The nursing supervisor has been notified of a large industrial fire with multiple injuries started with an electric short. When notifying the nursing peers, the nurse would classify this as which type of disaster?
- A. A natural disaster
- B. A human disaster, intentionally caused
- C. A human disaster, unintentionally caused
- D. Not classified as a disaster
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fire of an electrical cause is classified as a human disaster of an unintentional cause. A natural disaster is an earthquake or flood that is caused by nature with no human influence. A human disaster, intentionally caused is when a fire occurs, and a person intentionally starts the fire. Because a large industrial fire has injured people, it is classified as a disaster.
The nurse is caring for a client with internal radiologic contamination from the fallout. The client states, 'I need to get this out of me, and then I will be done with it.' The nurse is most correct to reply which of the following?
- A. Yes, we need to assure that we clean any debris from your wound which may be contaminated.'
- B. Yes, but you may have lingering effects from the exposure to your body.'
- C. Yes, but you must also consider further exposure from contaminated food and water sources.'
- D. Yes, we need to continue to document your recovery process and further disease processes.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internal radiologic contamination occurs from exposure to fallout on the skin, in a wound, inhaled, or consumed through food and water. It is the nurse's responsibility to advise the client if further harm may occur and ways to decrease the risk.
The nurse is taking a class on chemical disasters with the local emergency response team. What toxin(s) would the nurse be learning about? Select all that apply.
- A. Blistering agents
- B. Psychologic agents
- C. Contact emulsifiers
- D. Nerve agents
- E. Cyanide
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Examples of extremely toxic chemicals include nerve agents, cyanide, respiratory toxins, and blistering agents. The nurse would not be learning about psychologic or nerve agents as toxins present in chemical disasters.
The nurse caring for victims of a volcano eruption knows that this disaster is categorized as a natural disaster. What is the other category of disaster?
- A. Man-made
- B. Artificial
- C. Earthly
- D. Human
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: There are essentially two types of disasters: (1) natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes; and (2) human disasters that may be intentionally or unintentionally caused such as explosions, fires, and acts of terrorism. 'Man-made', 'artificial', and 'earthly' are not accurate or specific categories of disasters.
The nurse is caring for a victim of a chemical disaster. Medications given in the treatment of this client include amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulphate. What chemical agent does the nurse know this client has been exposed to?
- A. Sarin
- B. Mustard gas
- C. Cyanide
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyanide poisoning calls for the administration of one or all of the following antidotes: amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. Amyl nitrite promotes the formation of methemoglobin, which combines with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanmethemoglobin. Sarin, mustard gas, and anthrax are not treated in this way.