Nokea
The exocrine pancreas secretes the following enzymes except:
- A. Chymotrypsinogen
- B. Prolestase
- C. Lactase
- D. Alph
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactase. Lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine, not in the pancreas. The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and lipase to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, and is produced in the small intestine. Therefore, C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and alph are all enzymes produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.
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A client is visited by the dietitian following a colostomy procedure. Which of the following is the primary nutrition concern for this type of client?
- A. Fiber.
- B. Small frequent meals.
- C. Chewing food thoroughly.
- D. Fluids and electrolytes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial for colostomy clients, as water absorption is affected.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following signs indicates that the patient is developing a complication from the chemotherapy?
- A. Mild nausea
- B. White blood cell count of 3,000 cells/mm3
- C. Reddened areas on the skin
- D. Small amount of urine output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cell count of 3,000 cells/mm3. A low white blood cell count is a common side effect of chemotherapy, putting the patient at risk for infections. Monitoring WBC count is crucial to detect complications early.
A: Mild nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy but does not necessarily indicate a complication.
C: Reddened areas on the skin could be due to various reasons and are not specific to chemotherapy complications.
D: Small amount of urine output could be a concern, but it is not a common sign of chemotherapy complications.
Which of these statements about reflexes in the GI tract is false?
- A. Short reflexes are provoked by nerves near the GI tract.
- B. Short reflexes are mediated by the enteric nervous system.
- C. Food that distends the stomach initiates long reflexes.
- D. Long reflexes can be provoked by stimuli originating outside the GI tract.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because food that distends the stomach actually initiates short reflexes, not long reflexes. Short reflexes are provoked by nerves near the GI tract, which aligns with choice A. Short reflexes are indeed mediated by the enteric nervous system, supporting choice B. Long reflexes, as per choice D, can be provoked by stimuli originating outside the GI tract. Therefore, choice C is false as food distending the stomach triggers short reflexes, not long reflexes.
Concerning mass peristalsis, all are correct Except:
- A. Occurs in the small intestine.
- B. is a very slow movement.
- C. Helps movement of fecal matter in large intestine.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Mass peristalsis refers to the coordinated contraction of the smooth muscle in the colon that helps move fecal matter towards the rectum. This process specifically occurs in the large intestine, not the small intestine. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because mass peristalsis is actually a rapid and powerful movement, not slow. Choice C is correct as it accurately describes the role of mass peristalsis in facilitating the movement of fecal matter in the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect because choice A is incorrect.
The term gastrointestinal (GI) tract refers to the
- A. oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- B. pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- C. esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- D. stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The GI tract starts from the oral cavity where digestion begins.
Step 2: It then moves to the pharynx, esophagus for food transport.
Step 3: Next, the food enters the stomach for further digestion.
Step 4: The small intestine is where most digestion and absorption occur.
Step 5: Lastly, the large intestine absorbs water and prepares waste for elimination.
Step 6: Thus, answer A includes all the structures involved in the entire digestive process, making it the correct choice.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect as it omits the oral cavity. Choice C excludes the pharynx. Choice D is incorrect as it misses the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus.