Nokea
The FDA issued a safety announcement regarding the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in 2010 with the recommendation that:
- A. ESAs no longer be prescribed to patients with chronic renal failure
- B. The risk of tumor development be explained to cancer patients on ESA therapy
- C. Patients should no longer receive ESA therapy to prepare for allogenic transfusions
- D. ESAs be prescribed only to patients staying
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The 2010 FDA warning highlighted tumor progression risks in cancer patients on ESAs; renal use continues with caution.
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Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include:
- A. The cost of diagnostic tests to monitor therapeutic levels
- B. Health-care provider time to prescribe and educate the patient
- C. Child-care expenses incurred while receiving therapy
- D. Loss of wages while undergoing drug therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indirect costs include societal impacts like lost wages due to treatment.
A child with severe asthma is being treated oral prednisone. Which of the following adverse effects is of particular concern?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hirsutism
- C. Growth suppression
- D. Cushing syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Growth suppression is a significant concern in children on long-term prednisone due to its impact on bone growth and development.
Medication agreements or 'Pain Medication Contracts' are recommended to be used:
- A. Universally for all prescribing for chronic pain
- B. For patients who have repeated requests for pain medication
- C. When you suspect a patient is exhibiting drug-seeking behavior
- D. For patients with pain associated with malignancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pain contracts are recommended universally for chronic pain to set expectations, not just for repeated requests , suspicion , or cancer .
Osteoporosis is a major adverse effect caused by the glucocorticoids. It is due to their ability to:
- A. Increase the excretion of calcium
- B. Inhibit absorption of calcium
- C. Stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- D. Decrease production of prostaglandins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit calcium absorption in the gut, contributing to osteoporosis.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and is starting Repaglinide. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the administration of this medication?
- A. I'll take this medicine with my meals.
- B. I'll take this medicine 30 minutes before I eat.
- C. I'll take this medicine just before I go to bed.
- D. I'll take this medicine as soon as I wake up in the morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repaglinide is taken 15-30 minutes before meals to control postprandial glucose.