Nokea
The following are considered qualitative research process EXCEPT?
- A. Sample
- B. Hypothesis
- C. Literature review
- D. Data collection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In qualitative research, the focus is on exploring a phenomenon in-depth, understanding experiences, perceptions, and meanings. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research does not typically start with a hypothesis to be tested. Instead, qualitative studies often use open-ended questions and flexible methods to gather rich, detailed data that can lead to new insights and theories. The other options - sample, literature review, and data collection - are essential components of the qualitative research process.
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As a strong believer of her faith and the need for spiritual guidance, patient Ximena requests that she wants that clergy will visit her. How did nurse Parker function when she initiated the visit?
- A. Dependently
- B. Interdependently
- C. Collegially
- D. Independently
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurse Parker functioned independently when she initiated the visit by arranging for the clergy to see patient Ximena. In this scenario, the nurse took the initiative on her own without needing approval or direction from others. She recognized the patient's request for spiritual guidance and took independent action to meet that need. Independently functioning in this context demonstrates the nurse's autonomy and ability to make decisions based on the patient's preferences and well-being.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by a localized collection of pus resulting from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dental abscess is characterized by a localized collection of pus that results from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp, leading to swelling, pain, and inflammation. The infection typically occurs when bacteria enter the tooth through a cavity, crack, or other dental injury. The abscess can cause significant pain and discomfort and must be treated promptly by a dentist to prevent further complications. Dental caries refer to tooth decay or cavities that result from the breakdown of tooth structure by acids produced by bacteria. Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports the teeth. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat.
It is important that Nurse Chona records accurately the restless caused by pain and that of hypoxia. Which of the following should be recorded as the restlessness caused by pain?
- A. Difficulty of breathing.
- B. Increased respiratory rate and blood pressure.
- C. Increased heart rate.
- D. Increased perspiration and change of position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Restlessness caused by pain often manifests as increased perspiration and constant change of position. When a person is in pain, they may become sweaty or clammy due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Additionally, they may constantly shift or fidget in an attempt to find a more comfortable position that can alleviate the pain they are experiencing. Therefore, it is crucial for Nurse Chona to accurately document these behaviors as signs of pain-related restlessness. Difficulty of breathing (Option A), increased respiratory rate and blood pressure (Option B), and increased heart rate (Option C) are more indicative of hypoxia or respiratory distress rather than pain-related restlessness.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of Pneumothorax?
- A. Atmospheric air within the pleural space can result to a rise in intra thoracic pressure and reduces vital capacity in the lungs
- B. The loss of positive intra-pleural pressure can produce pneumothorax
- C. The loss of negative intra pleural pressure can result to collapse of the lungs.
- D. A spontaneous pneumothorax can occur with the rupture of pulmonary bleb.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pneumothorax, air enters the normally negative pressure space between the lung and chest wall, leading to loss of negative intra-pleural pressure. However, this loss of negative pressure typically does not directly result in lung collapse. Instead, the accumulation of air in the pleural space can lead to a pressure imbalance, causing the lung to collapse partially or completely, which is known as atelectasis. Therefore, it is more accurate to state that the loss of negative intra-pleural pressure can result in lung collapse due to the presence of air in the pleural space, rather than the loss of negative pressure itself causing the collapse.
A patient with a history of coronary artery disease is prescribed aspirin for antiplatelet therapy. Which information is important for the nurse to include in patient education about aspirin therapy?
- A. "Take aspirin with a full glass of milk to minimize gastrointestinal upset."
- B. "Avoid using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking aspirin."
- C. "Discontinue aspirin therapy if you develop a fever."
- D. "Take aspirin on an empty stomach for better absorption."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct information for the nurse to include in patient education about aspirin therapy is to advise the patient to avoid using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking aspirin. NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when taken along with aspirin, which is already a blood-thinning medication due to its antiplatelet effects. Patients with coronary artery disease are typically prescribed aspirin for its antiplatelet properties to prevent blood clot formation in the arteries. Avoiding NSAIDs will help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal complications and ensure the effectiveness of aspirin therapy in preventing cardiovascular events. Taking aspirin with a full glass of milk (Option A) is not a necessary instruction for aspirin therapy. Discontinuing aspirin therapy if a patient develops a fever (Option C) is not a standard practice unless advised by a healthcare provider. Taking aspir