Nokea
The 'hormone response element' is located on the cell __________.
- A. membrane
- B. DNA
- C. RNA
- D. enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: DNA. Hormone response elements are specific DNA sequences where hormone receptors bind to regulate gene expression. This binding initiates the transcription of target genes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hormone response elements are not located on the cell membrane, RNA, or enzymes. The key is understanding that hormone receptors act on DNA to regulate gene expression, making choice B the most appropriate answer.
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Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?
- A. Lowers blood glucose levels.
- B. Stimulates cells to make glucose (gluconeogenesis).
- C. Deficiency causes diabetes insipidus.
- D. Decreases blood volume.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lowers blood glucose levels. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy storage. This process reduces the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because insulin does not stimulate cells to make glucose (B), deficiency does not cause diabetes insipidus (C), and it does not directly affect blood volume (D).
Thyroxine:
- A. is TSH.
- B. is T4.
- C. exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of T3.
- D. lowers basal metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroxine is also known as T4, a thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate thyroid hormone production, not thyroxine itself. Choice C is incorrect because thyroxine exerts negative feedback on TSH, not T3. Choice D is incorrect as thyroxine actually increases basal metabolic rate. Thus, the correct answer is B as thyroxine is indeed T4.
Identify a characteristic of type I diabetes (IDDM).
- A. Development has a correlation with obesity.
- B. Most common form of diabetes.
- C. Body cells do not respond to insulin.
- D. Treatment usually involves insulin injections.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sure! The correct answer is D because type I diabetes (IDDM) is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Insulin injections are necessary to replace the missing insulin.
A is incorrect because type I diabetes is not associated with obesity. B is incorrect because type II diabetes is actually the most common form. C is incorrect because in type I diabetes, the body's cells do not produce insulin, rather than not responding to it.
Mr. Hanover is recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following actions should be included in his nursing care plan to prevent recurrence of this condition?
- A. Notifying his physician if ketonuria persists for more than 12 hours
- B. Omitting fractional urines when under stress
- C. Decreasing his insulin dosage when a fever is present
- D. Omitting his insulin dose when vomiting is present
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ketonuria that persists for a prolonged period indicates that further intervention is needed, such as adjusting insulin therapy.
Which artery generally gives rise to inferior thyroid artery?
- A. Arch of aorta
- B. Brachiocephalic artery
- C. External carotid artery
- D. Thyrocervical trunk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the thyrocervical trunk. This artery generally gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery. The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of the subclavian artery, supplying blood to the thyroid gland. The other choices are incorrect because the arch of aorta does not give rise to the inferior thyroid artery, the brachiocephalic artery does not directly supply the thyroid gland, and the external carotid artery does not typically provide blood to the thyroid gland. Therefore, the thyrocervical trunk is the most likely source for the inferior thyroid artery.