Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank

Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank Related

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The LPN is caring for a patient in the preoperative period who, even after verbalizing concerns and having questions answered, states, "I know I am not going to wake up after surgery." Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

  • A. Reassure patient everything will be all right
  • B. Explain national surgery death rate
  • C. Inform the registered nurse
  • D. Ask family to comfort the patient
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action for the LPN to take in this situation is to inform the registered nurse. The patient's statement indicates a high level of fear and anxiety about the surgery and their potential outcome. It is important to involve the registered nurse, who can provide further assessment, support, and interventions to address the patient's concerns appropriately. Simply reassuring the patient or providing statistics about national surgery death rates may not address the underlying fear and may require additional support and intervention. Asking the family to comfort the patient may not be the most appropriate immediate action as the patient's concerns are specific and may require professional support. Bringing the registered nurse into the situation allows for a comprehensive approach to addressing the patient's emotional needs before the surgery.

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What are the nursing interventions for a client with thalassemia?

  • A. Maintain the client on bed rest and protect him or her from infections
  • B. Ambulate the client frequently
  • C. Advise drinking 3 quarts (L) of fluid per day
  • D. Instruct the client to elevate the lower extremities as much as possible
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that results in the reduced production of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Nursing interventions for a client with thalassemia aim to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Maintaining the client on bed rest helps conserve energy and prevent fatigue, which is commonly experienced due to anemia. Protecting the client from infections is crucial because individuals with thalassemia are at a higher risk of infections due to their weakened immune system. By minimizing the risk of infections, nurses can help prevent further complications in clients with thalassemia.

The most common type of CP is :

  • A. Athetoid
  • B. B.Spastic
  • C. Ataxic
  • D. None Of The Above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type of cerebral palsy, accounting for around 70-80% of cases. Spastic CP is characterized by stiff, tight muscles that can affect movement and coordination. This type of CP is caused by damage to the motor cortex of the brain, leading to increased muscle tone and difficulty with voluntary movements. Symptoms of spastic CP can vary in severity and may affect one or multiple limbs.

Latasha, age 8 years, is being admitted to the hospital from the emergency department with an injury from falling off her bicycle. Which will help her most in her adjustment to the hospital?

  • A. Explain hospital schedules to her, such as mealtimes.
  • B. Use terms such as "honey" and "dear" to show a caring attitude.
  • C. Explain when parents can visit and why siblings cannot come to see her.
  • D. Orient her parents, because she is young, to her room and hospital facility.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Explaining hospital schedules to Latasha, such as mealtimes, will help her most in adjusting to the hospital environment. Providing her with a sense of routine and structure can help reduce her anxiety and uncertainty during her stay. By knowing when things like meals will happen, Latasha can feel more in control of her surroundings and what to expect, which can be comforting for a child in a new and potentially scary situation like being in the hospital.

Autoimmunity is defined as a phenomenon involving which of the following?

  • A. Production of endotoxins that destroy B
  • B. Overproduction of reagin antibody
  • C. Depression of the immune response
  • D. Inability to differentiate self from nonself
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Autoimmunity is a phenomenon in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own cells, tissues, and organs. This occurs due to a breakdown in the immune system's ability to differentiate "self" from "nonself." In a healthy immune system, immune cells recognize and destroy foreign invaders while avoiding attacking the body's own cells. When this self-tolerance is lost, autoimmune diseases can develop, leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and various health problems. Therefore, autoimmunity is defined by the immune system's inability to distinguish between self and nonself.

A client has cancer that has me tastasized to her bones. She is complaining of increased thirst, polyuria and decreased muscle tone. Her lab values are: Na 139mEq/L, k 4 mEq/L, Cl 103 mEq/L, and Ca 8 mg/dl. What electrolyte imbalance is present?

  • A. Hypocalcemia
  • B. Hyperkalemia
  • C. Hypercalcemia
  • D. Hypochloremia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of increased thirst, polyuria, decreased muscle tone, and the lab value of high calcium (8 mg/dl) indicate hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is commonly seen in cancer patients due to cancer metastasis to the bones, leading to the release of calcium. The other electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, and chloride) are within normal range, ruling out other electrolyte imbalances. Multiple myeloma is a common malignancy associated with bone metastases and hypercalcemia. Symptoms of hypercalcemia may include thirst, frequent urination, weakness, confusion, and muscle pain. Treatment of hypercalcemia may involve hydration, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, and addressing the underlying cause.

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