Nokea
The most common causative organism of acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy is
- A. Streptococcus faecalis
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Proteus vulgaris
- D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the primary causative agent of pyelonephritis in pregnant women.
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When counseling a patient about his surgical options for an ulcer that has been refractory to medical therapy, the AGACNP advises the patient that he will need
- A. Lifelong vitamin D replacement
- B. Excision of the ulcer, which produces an 80% cure rate
- C. To eat much smaller, more frequent meals
- D. Some form of vagotomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When counseling a patient about surgical options for an ulcer that has been refractory to medical therapy, advising the patient that he will need some form of vagotomy is important. Vagotomy is a surgical procedure in which the vagus nerve is partially or completely severed. This procedure is commonly performed for patients with ulcers that have not responded to medical treatment. Vagotomy reduces the acid secretion in the stomach, which can help in the healing of the ulcer and prevent recurrence. It is an effective option for treating ulcers that have not responded to conservative medical management.
The type of D.V.T. that is characterized by formation of non-detachable clot(s) within an inflamed vein is known as
- A. Phlebothrombosis
- B. Coagulopathy
- C. Pelviopathy
- D. Thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thrombophlebitis involves the formation of non-detachable clots within inflamed veins.
Which one of the following is a prerequisite for forceps delivery?
- A. Intact membranes
- B. Ruptured membranes
- C. Cephalic presentation
- D. Full urinary bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ruptured membranes are a prerequisite for forceps delivery to avoid injury to the membranes.
Which of the following is associated with diazygotic twinning?
- A. Conjoined twins
- B. Polyhydramnious
- C. Superfecundation
- D. Foetus compressus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Superfecundation can occur with dizygotic twinning, leading to multiple paternity.
An indication for forceps delivery is
- A. Inadequate size of the pelvis
- B. Delay in second stage of labor
- C. Unsuccessful vacuum extraction
- D. Fetal distress in first stage of labor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Forceps delivery is typically used in the second stage of labor when there is delay.