Nokea
The most common complication of respiratory distress syndrome is
- A. Cerebral palsy
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Klumpke’s palsy
- D. Fractured ribs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pneumothorax is a common complication of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates.
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Fetal position and occipito-posterior position: a) Define fetal position
- A. Orientation of the fetus in the uterus relative to the mother
- B. Orientation of the fetus' head and limbs
- C. Fetal movements during labor
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fetal position refers to the alignment of the fetus during pregnancy and labor.
Precipitate labor is an unusually rapid labor
- A. That is concluded in less than three hours
- B. Where the external cervical os fails to dilate despite good uterine contractions
- C. That is concluded in more than three hours
- D. Where the external cervical os fails to dilate due to poor uterine contractions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Precipitate labor is defined as labor lasting less than three hours.
T. G. is a 48-year-old female who presents with biliary colic. She has had previous episodes but has resisted operation because she is afraid of anesthesia. Today her physical exam reveals a clearly distressed middle-aged female with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following findings suggests a complication that requires a surgical evaluation?
- A. A temperature of 101.5°F
- B. A leukocyte count of 18,000/µL
- C. A palpable gallbladder
- D. A positive Murphy’s sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A leukocyte count of 18,000/µL suggests an elevated white blood cell count, which is indicative of an inflammatory or infectious process. In the context of biliary colic, an elevated white blood cell count could be a sign of complications such as cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) or choledocholithiasis (bile duct obstruction). These complications may require urgent surgical evaluation and intervention. The other options, although concerning, do not specifically suggest a complication that necessitates immediate surgical evaluation.
Why is adequate prenatal care crucial for reducing maternal mortality?
- A. Early detection of complications
- B. Encourages healthy behaviors
- C. Reduces the likelihood of preterm birth
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prenatal care helps detect complications, promotes healthy behaviors, and reduces preterm birth risk.
R. R. is a 71-year-old female who presents with left lower quadrant pain that started out as cramping but has become more constant over the last day. She reports constipation over the last few days but admits that for as long as she can remember she has had variable bowel habits. Her vital signs are normal, but physical examination reveals some tenderness in the left lower quadrant. Which diagnostic test is most likely to support the leading differential diagnosis?
- A. CT scan with IV, oral, and rectal contrast
- B. CBC with WBC differential
- C. Colonoscopy
- D. Barium enema
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a 71-year-old female presenting with left lower quadrant pain and a history of constipation, the most likely differential diagnosis to consider is diverticulitis. A CT scan with IV, oral, and rectal contrast is the diagnostic test of choice for confirming suspected diverticulitis. It is considered the gold standard imaging modality for evaluating acute abdominal pain and can help identify diverticula, inflammation, abscesses, and complications such as perforation or obstruction.