Nokea
The most frequent side effect of oral ampicillin is : *
- A. Nausea and vomiting
- B. Loose bowel movements
- C. Constipation
- D. Urticaria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nausea and vomiting. Oral ampicillin commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting due to its impact on the gut flora. This side effect is a result of the antibiotic's mechanism of action and is well-documented in clinical practice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as loose bowel movements, constipation, and urticaria are not typically associated with oral ampicillin use.
You may also like to solve these questions
During a physical examination, the nurse finds that a male patient’s foreskin is fixed and tight and will not retract over the glans. The nurse recognizes that this condition is:
- A. Phimosis.
- B. Epispadias.
- C. Urethral stricture.
- D. Peyronie disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phimosis. Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin is tight and cannot be retracted over the glans. This can lead to problems with hygiene and urination. Epispadias (B) is a congenital malformation where the urethra opens on the dorsal side of the penis. Urethral stricture (C) is a narrowing of the urethra, causing difficulty with urination. Peyronie disease (D) is the development of fibrous scar tissue inside the penis, leading to curvature during erection. In this case, the fixed and tight foreskin indicates phimosis.
A 33-year-old woman comes to the clinic with a history of abnormal vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. The nurse suspects that she might have fibroids. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find upon examination?
- A. An enlarged, irregular uterus that may be tender to palpation.
- B. An enlarged uterus with smooth contours and no tenderness.
- C. A smooth, tender uterus.
- D. A tender, soft, mobile uterus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because fibroids typically present as an enlarged, irregular uterus that may be tender to palpation. Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause abnormal bleeding and pelvic pain. The irregular shape and tenderness are characteristic findings of fibroids.
Option B is incorrect because fibroids are not typically smooth and do not have smooth contours. Option C is incorrect because fibroids are not usually smooth and tender. Option D is incorrect because fibroids are not soft or mobile; they are usually firm and fixed in place within the uterus.
The kidney does all of the following when the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, EXCEPT:
- A. excrete more hydrogen ions.
- B. excrete fewer bicarbonate ions.
- C. secrete more hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions.
- D. secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because when the pH drops, the kidney aims to restore acid-base balance by excreting more hydrogen ions and reabsorbing more bicarbonate ions. Choice A is incorrect because the kidney excretes more hydrogen ions to help raise the pH. Choice B is incorrect because the kidney excretes more bicarbonate ions to help buffer the excess hydrogen ions. Choice D is incorrect because the kidney would not secrete fewer bicarbonate ions when trying to compensate for a drop in pH.
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of alprostadil?
- A. Alprostadil increases cAMP
- B. Alprostadil increases cGMP
- C. Alprostadil increases PDE-5
- D. Alprostadil blocks NO (nitric oxide)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alprostadil is a prostaglandin E1 analog that works by binding to specific receptors and activating adenylate cyclase, leading to increased levels of cAMP. This results in smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B and C are incorrect as alprostadil does not directly affect cGMP levels or PDE-5 activity. Choice D is also incorrect as alprostadil does not block nitric oxide, but rather enhances its effects through the cAMP pathway.
Mrs. T. also complains of hoarseness, which results from
- A. increased capillary permeability
- B. a secondary respiratory infection
- C. a large thyroid tumor pressing on the larynx
- D. a psychologic illness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because hoarseness can be caused by a large thyroid tumor pressing on the larynx, affecting vocal cord function. This physical obstruction directly interferes with the ability of the vocal cords to vibrate properly, leading to hoarseness. Increased capillary permeability (A) would not result in hoarseness. A secondary respiratory infection (B) may cause coughing or throat irritation, but not hoarseness specifically. A psychologic illness (D) would not directly cause hoarseness as it is a physical symptom related to the vocal cords.