Nokea
The nurse assesses a client who is scheduled to have a laboratory test to determine if the client’s adrenal glands are hypoactive. What type of testing would the client likely have?
- A. Catecholamine testing
- B. Suppression testing
- C. Bone marrow testing
- D. Provocative testing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provocative testing. This type of testing is used to stimulate the adrenal glands to produce hormones, helping to assess their function. Catecholamine testing is specific for hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. Suppression testing is used to assess overactivity of glands. Bone marrow testing is unrelated to adrenal gland function. In summary, provocative testing is the most appropriate choice to evaluate adrenal gland activity.
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The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ________.
- A. it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release
- B. embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional
- C. it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location
- D. it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the neurohypophysis stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus for release into the bloodstream. The neurohypophysis does not produce its own hormones but acts as a storage and release site.
A is incorrect as the neurohypophysis does play a role in hormonal release through the release of hormones produced by the hypothalamus. B is incorrect as the neurohypophysis remains functional in adults. C is incorrect as the neurohypophysis does function as an endocrine tissue by releasing hormones into the bloodstream.
The only insulin that can be administered intravenously is
- A. Lente
- B. Semi-Lente
- C. regular
- D. NPH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Only regular insulin is approved for intravenous administration due to its rapid onset and shorter duration of action.
Why are the hormones cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone referred to as counter regulatory hormones?
- A. Decrease glucose production
- B. Stimulate glucose output by the liver
- C. Increase glucose transport into the cells
- D. Independently regulate glucose level in the blood
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Counter regulatory hormones, including cortisol and glucagon, stimulate the liver to release glucose to counteract hypoglycemia.
Which of the Following Hormones Regulate Blood Sodium and Potassium Levels in the Body?
- A. Aldosterone
- B. Cortisol
- C. Glycogens
- D. Pheromones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aldosterone is the correct answer as it specifically regulates blood sodium and potassium levels by acting on the kidneys to enhance sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Cortisol is a stress hormone, not directly involved in electrolyte regulation. Glycogens are stored glucose molecules, not hormones. Pheromones are chemical signals for communication, not involved in electrolyte balance.
Glucagon:
- A. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.
- B. regulates sodium and water balance.
- C. is a steroid.
- D. is a glucocorticoid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.
2. It is released in response to low blood glucose levels to increase blood sugar.
3. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream.
4. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of glucagon.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect because glucagon does not regulate sodium and water balance. Choice C is incorrect as glucagon is not a steroid hormone. Choice D is incorrect as glucagon is not a glucocorticoid hormone.