Nokea
The nurse caring for victims of a volcano eruption knows that this disaster is categorized as a natural disaster. What is the other category of disaster?
- A. Man-made
- B. Artificial
- C. Earthly
- D. Human
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: There are essentially two types of disasters: (1) natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes; and (2) human disasters that may be intentionally or unintentionally caused such as explosions, fires, and acts of terrorism. 'Man-made', 'artificial', and 'earthly' are not accurate or specific categories of disasters.
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The nurse is taking a class on chemical disasters with the local emergency response team. What toxin(s) would the nurse be learning about? Select all that apply.
- A. Blistering agents
- B. Psychologic agents
- C. Contact emulsifiers
- D. Nerve agents
- E. Cyanide
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Examples of extremely toxic chemicals include nerve agents, cyanide, respiratory toxins, and blistering agents. The nurse would not be learning about psychologic or nerve agents as toxins present in chemical disasters.
The student nurse is completing a simulation where a client is the victim of nerve gas. The instructions are for the student to set up the room and have all needed supplies available. Which medication does the student nurse ensure is in the medication administration system to control seizures?
- A. Phenobarbital intramuscular
- B. Neurontin tablets
- C. Valium intravenous injection
- D. Dilantin tablets
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The student nurse is correct to have Valium intravenously on hand for seizure activity. When seizure activity occurs, the intravenous route is the best option to deliver the medication safely and rapidly into the system.
The emergency department nurse is caring for clients involved in a chlorine exposure accident at a local chemical plant. The nurse is aware that permanent damage can occur to which body systems?
- A. Cardiac
- B. Respiratory
- C. Renal
- D. Hepatic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The consequences of exposure to chlorine and other respiratory toxins are related to the amount, route, and length of chemical exposure. Death occurs as fluid infiltrates the pulmonary air spaces and terminal bronchioles interfering with gas exchange. Following recovery from an acute event, victims may develop chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Nurses are learning to administer the smallpox vaccine in the event of needed mass inoculation. When administering the vaccination, the nurse needs to be aware of which of the following?
- A. Administer the vaccination subcutaneously
- B. Prep the site with alcohol
- C. Aspirate when giving the injection
- D. Cover the site with a loose gauze
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse would cover the site with a loose gauze as the vaccination is a live virus. The injection is given in the deltoid intramuscularly. Alcohol should not be used to prepare the site as alcohol can inactivate the virus. The injection is given in a technique using a bifurcated needle and aspiration is not done.
The nursing supervisor has been notified of a large industrial fire with multiple injuries started with an electric short. When notifying the nursing peers, the nurse would classify this as which type of disaster?
- A. A natural disaster
- B. A human disaster, intentionally caused
- C. A human disaster, unintentionally caused
- D. Not classified as a disaster
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fire of an electrical cause is classified as a human disaster of an unintentional cause. A natural disaster is an earthquake or flood that is caused by nature with no human influence. A human disaster, intentionally caused is when a fire occurs, and a person intentionally starts the fire. Because a large industrial fire has injured people, it is classified as a disaster.