Nokea
The nurse determines that a patient with a 2-hour OGTT of 152 mg/dL has
- A. diabetes
- B. impaired fasting glucose
- C. elevated A1C
- D. impaired glucose tolerance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 2-hour OGTT result of 152 mg/dL indicates impaired glucose tolerance, which is a prediabetes state.
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Which of the following is not a similarity between hormones and neurotransmitters?
- A. NONE OF THE ABOVE (all of the above are similarities between hormones and neurotransmitters)
- B. Both are chemical messengers.
- C. Both can sometimes be chemically identical.
- D. Both produce molecules that act on receptors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it states that none of the above choices are similarities between hormones and neurotransmitters. This is accurate as choices B, C, and D all highlight similarities between hormones and neurotransmitters. Choice B is correct as both are chemical messengers, choice C is correct because some hormones and neurotransmitters can be chemically identical, and choice D is correct because both produce molecules that act on receptors. Therefore, A is the correct choice as it states that there are no similarities between the two, which is not the case.
Which of the following is NOT true of glucagon?
- A. produced by the pancreas
- B. increases blood glucose levels
- C. promotes the use of fat and protein instead of glucose
- D. stimulates the liver to store glucose as glycogen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because glucagon actually stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, not store glucose as glycogen. Glucagon helps increase blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, and it also promotes the use of fat and protein for energy when glucose levels are low. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about glucagon, making them incorrect options in this context.
The small intestine runs from the stomach to the large intestine. It has three parts. Starting at the stomach, in which order do they occur?
- A. Ileum, duodenum, jejunum
- B. Jejunum, duodenum, ileum
- C. Duodenum, ileum, jejunum
- D. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order is D: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine connected to the stomach for digestion. Next is the jejunum, where most of the nutrients are absorbed. Lastly, the ileum completes the absorption process before reaching the large intestine. Choice A is incorrect as it has the parts in the wrong order. Choice B also has the parts in the wrong order. Choice C has the duodenum and ileum in the correct position but switches the jejunum and ileum.
The secretion of which of the following would be least affected by a decrease in extracellular fluid volume?
- A. CRH
- B. Arginine vasopressin
- C. Dehydroepiandrosterone
- D. Estrogens
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Estrogens. When extracellular fluid volume decreases, the body activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to retain water and sodium. Estrogen is not directly involved in regulating fluid balance, so its secretion would be least affected. CRH (choice A) stimulates the release of cortisol, which affects fluid balance. Arginine vasopressin (choice B) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. Dehydroepiandrosterone (choice C) is a precursor to sex hormones, including estrogen.
Which one of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for preparing a client for a CT scan?
- A. Consult the physician for the special preparation
- B. Provide general explanation to the client
- C. Inform client to temporarily eliminate salt from the diet
- D. Instruct the client to fast
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing a general explanation to the client about the CT scan ensures they understand the procedure and prepares them psychologically for the test.