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The nurse educator is conducting a class for student nurses on X-linked recessive disorders. Which responses from a student nurse indicate that further education is needed?
- A. The male can't be a carrier if he doesn't have an X-linked disorder.
- B. If the male doesn't have an X-linked disorder, then his children won't either.
- C. If the female is a carrier, her daughter could be one too.
- D. If the female is a carrier, her sons may have an X-linked recessive disorder.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it is incorrect to assume that if a male doesn't have an X-linked disorder, then his children won't either. This statement overlooks the fact that the male could carry the recessive gene and pass it on to his daughters, who could then become carriers. This demonstrates a lack of understanding of how X-linked recessive disorders are inherited.
A: This statement is correct as males cannot be carriers of X-linked recessive disorders.
C: This statement is correct as females who are carriers have a 50% chance of passing on the recessive gene to their daughters.
D: This statement is correct as sons of carrier females have a 50% chance of inheriting the X-linked recessive disorder.
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Analyze the pedigree below. Which of the following inheritance patterns does the pedigree depict?
- A. Autosomal dominant.
- B. Mitochondrial inheritance.
- C. X-linked recessive.
- D. Y-linked trait.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pattern suggests autosomal dominant inheritance.
What is the significance of a semen analysis in evaluating infertility?
- A. It determines the number, shape, and movement of sperm.
- B. It checks for genetic conditions affecting sperm.
- C. It monitors hormone levels in males.
- D. It identifies infections in the reproductive tract.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a semen analysis assesses important parameters such as sperm count, morphology (shape), and motility (movement), which are crucial factors in male fertility. Sperm count indicates the quantity of sperm available for fertilization. Morphology assesses the structural integrity of sperm, while motility determines their ability to reach and fertilize an egg. These parameters directly impact fertility potential.
Choice B is incorrect because a semen analysis does not specifically check for genetic conditions affecting sperm. Choice C is incorrect as hormone levels are not directly evaluated in a semen analysis. Choice D is incorrect because while infections can affect fertility, they are not the primary focus of a standard semen analysis.
A patient undergoing ovarian stimulation is concerned about side effects. What should the nurse include in patient education?
- A. Side effects are rare and do not require monitoring.
- B. Mild bloating and mood changes are common during stimulation.
- C. The risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is negligible.
- D. Stimulation guarantees the production of high-quality eggs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
Bloating and mood changes are common side effects of ovarian stimulation due to hormonal changes. Educating the patient about this prepares them for possible discomfort. Incorrect choices: A is incorrect as side effects are common and may require monitoring. C is incorrect as OHSS is a potential serious complication. D is incorrect as stimulation does not guarantee egg quality.
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of preconception education. Which statement by the client indicates that additional education is needed?
- A. I know smoking is harmful in pregnancy, so I plan to quit soon. My husband has agreed to avoid smoking in my presence.
- B. I have started taking a daily prenatal vitamin with folic acid.
- C. My husband bought a small desk for his laptop computer.
- D. We plan to avoid the use of chemicals in our garden this year.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement about the husband buying a small desk for his laptop computer is irrelevant to preconception education. The focus of preconception education is on optimizing health before pregnancy, such as quitting smoking, taking prenatal vitamins, and avoiding harmful chemicals. The other choices (A, B, and D) all demonstrate an understanding of preconception health needs. Choice A shows awareness of the risks of smoking in pregnancy and a plan to quit. Choice B indicates the initiation of prenatal vitamin intake, particularly folic acid, which is crucial for preventing birth defects. Choice D highlights a proactive approach to environmental health by planning to avoid harmful chemicals in the garden.
A client is to have a hysterosalpingogram. In this procedure, the physician will be able to determine which of the following?
- A. Whether or not the ovaries are maturing properly.
- B. If the endometrium is fully vascularized.
- C. If the cervix is incompetent.
- D. Whether or not the fallopian tubes are obstructed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hysterosalpingogram uses contrast dye to visualize the fallopian tubes and uterus, identifying obstructions.