Nokea
The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?
- A. 1000 mL
- B. 1500 mL
- C. 2050 mL
- D. 2500 mL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily fluid intake and output is about 2200 to 2700 mL/day, and urinary output is about 1000 to 2000 mL/day.
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Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal. What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?
- A. Blood buffers kidneys and lungs
- B. Kidneys lungs and blood buffers
- C. Blood buffers lungs and kidneys
- D. Lungs kidneys and blood buffers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The three systems are blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys. The blood buffers' speed is a fraction of a second, the lungs take minutes, and the kidneys take hours to days.
The nurse expects an adult with normal __ function to void a minimum of 120 mL of urine in 4 hours.
Correct Answer: kidney
Rationale: The norm is to excrete at least 30 mL/h. In 4 hours, the urine output is expected to be 120 mL.
Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents. What does 1 mEq of potassium have the same combining power as?
- A. 1 mEq of nitrogen
- B. 1 mEq of oxygen
- C. 1 mEq of hydrogen
- D. 1 mEq of magnesium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Electrolytes are measured in milliequivalents: 1 mEq of any electrolyte is equal to 1 mEq of hydrogen.
What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?
- A. Hydrostatic pressure
- B. Osmotic pressure
- C. Blood pressure
- D. Pulse pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electrolytes are moved by hydrostatic pressure, which is a form of active transport.
The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?
- A. Diffusion
- B. Filtration
- C. Osmosis
- D. Homeostasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.