NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

The nurse has completed initial instruction with a patient regarding a weight-loss program. Which patient comment indicates to the nurse that the teaching has been effective?

  • A. I will keep a diary of daily weight to illustrate my weight loss.'
  • B. I plan to lose 4 lb a week until I have lost the 60 lb I want to lose.'
  • C. I should not exercise more than what is required so I don't increase my appetite.'
  • D. I plan to join a behavior modification group to help establish long-term behavior changes.'
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates the patient's understanding of the importance of behavior modification for long-term weight loss success. By joining a behavior modification group, the patient shows a commitment to changing habits and lifestyle, which is crucial for sustained weight loss.

Choice A focuses on tracking weight loss progress, which is important but does not necessarily indicate a deep understanding of behavior change. Choice B sets unrealistic weight loss goals that may not be safe or sustainable. Choice C shows a misconception about exercise and appetite, indicating a potential misunderstanding of weight loss principles.

In summary, choice D is correct because it reflects a holistic approach to weight loss that includes addressing behavior patterns, while the other choices either focus on surface-level strategies or misunderstand key concepts related to weight loss.

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Calcium is actively absorbed by the small intestine and this is accelerated by

  • A. sodium.
  • B. the intrinsic factor.
  • C. Vitamin D.
  • D. Vitamin K.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in enhancing the absorption of calcium in the small intestine by promoting the synthesis of calcium-binding proteins. This process ensures adequate levels of calcium are absorbed efficiently. In contrast, choice A (sodium) does not directly impact calcium absorption, choice B (intrinsic factor) is involved in the absorption of vitamin B12, not calcium, and choice D (Vitamin K) is essential for blood clotting but not directly related to calcium absorption. Therefore, Vitamin D is the correct choice as it directly influences the active absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

Mucosa surface cell secretes mucous which provides a physical barrier between __ and __.

  • A. Mucosa and Epithelium
  • B. Lymph Vessel and lamina Propria
  • C. Mucosa and Lumen
  • D. Lumen and Epithelium
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mucosa and Lumen. The mucosa surface cell secretes mucus that forms a physical barrier between the mucosa (inner lining of a cavity or organ) and the lumen (inner space of a tubular structure). This barrier protects the underlying tissues from harmful substances in the lumen.

Choice A (Mucosa and Epithelium) is incorrect because the mucosa is part of the epithelium layer, so it would not make sense for the physical barrier to be between them.

Choice B (Lymph Vessel and Lamina Propria) is incorrect because these structures are not directly related to the secretion of mucus for protection.

Choice D (Lumen and Epithelium) is incorrect because the physical barrier created by the mucus is specifically between the mucosa cells and the lumen, not the epithelium itself.

To treat a cirrhotic patient with hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose (Cephulac), rifaximin (Xifaxan), and a proton pump inhibitor are ordere The patient's family wants to know why the laxative is ordere What is the best explanation the nurse can give to the patient's family?

  • A. It reduces portal venous pressure.
  • B. It eliminates blood from the GI tract.
  • C. It traps ammonia and eliminates it in the feces.
  • D. It decreases bacteria to decrease ammonia formation.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "It traps ammonia and eliminates it in the feces." In hepatic encephalopathy, excessive ammonia levels lead to neurological symptoms. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, converting ammonia to ammonium, trapping it, and promoting its excretion in feces. This reduces ammonia absorption, alleviating encephalopathy.

Explanation of other choices:
A: Incorrect. Lactulose does not directly reduce portal venous pressure.
B: Incorrect. Lactulose does not eliminate blood from the GI tract.
D: Incorrect. Lactulose does not directly decrease bacteria to reduce ammonia formation.

In summary, the nurse should explain to the patient's family that lactulose helps by trapping ammonia in the GI tract and facilitating its removal in the feces, thus reducing ammonia levels in the body and improving hepatic encephalopathy symptoms.

Surface area of the stomach is increased by

  • A. gastric pits.
  • B. plicae circulares.
  • C. villi.
  • D. microvilli.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: gastric pits. Gastric pits are invaginations in the stomach lining that contain specialized cells for secretion of gastric juices. These pits increase the surface area of the stomach by providing a larger area for nutrient absorption and digestion. Plicae circulares are folds in the small intestine, not the stomach. Villi and microvilli are found in the small intestine and further increase surface area for absorption, not in the stomach.

Which organ produces bile?

  • A. Pancreas
  • B. Gallbladder
  • C. Liver
  • D. Stomach
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Liver. The liver produces bile, which plays a crucial role in digestion by breaking down fats. The pancreas (A) produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The gallbladder (B) stores bile produced by the liver but does not produce it. The stomach (D) produces gastric juices, not bile. Therefore, the liver is the only organ that produces bile, making it the correct answer.

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