Nokea
The nurse is analyzing the three-generation pedigree below. In which generation is the proband?
- A. I.
- B. II.
- C. III.
- D. There is not enough information to answer this question.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The proband is typically the individual in the middle generation being evaluated.
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Nurses working in a midwifery office have attended a conference to learn about factors that increase a woman's risk of becoming infertile. To evaluate the nurses' learning, the conference coordinator tested the nurses' knowledge at the conclusion of the seminar. Which of the following problems should the nurses state increase a client's risk of developing infertility problems? Select all that apply.
- A. Women who have menstrual cycles that are up to 30 days long.
- B. Women who experience pain during intercourse.
- C. Women who have had pelvic inflammatory disease.
- D. Women who have excess facial hair.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pain during intercourse, pelvic inflammatory disease, and hirsutism (excess facial hair) are associated with infertility.
A nurse is providing care to a pregnant woman in labor. The woman is in the first stage of labor. When describing this stage to the client, which event would the nurse identify as the major change occurring during this stage?
- A. regular contractions
- B. cervical dilation
- C. fetal movement through the birth canal
- D. placental separation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary change during the first stage of labor is cervical dilation. Contractions occur during both the first and second stages, fetal movement through the birth canal is a major change in the second stage, and placental separation occurs in the third stage.
A woman has been advised that the reason she has had a number of spontaneous abortions is because she has an inheritable mutation. Which of the following situations is consistent with this statement?
- A. A client developed skin cancer after being exposed to the sun.
- B. A client developed colon cancer from an inherited dominant gene.
- C. A reciprocal translocation was reported on a client's genetic analysis.
- D. A client's left arm failed to develop when she was a fetus.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reciprocal translocations can disrupt genes and lead to recurrent miscarriages.
The nurse in a genetic clinic interviews a couple and develops a pedigree chart. Which inheritance patterns does the pedigree chart portray?
- A. Autosomal recessive
- B. X-linked recessive
- C. Autosomal dominant
- D. X-linked dominant
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Autosomal dominant. In an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, the trait is passed down from generation to generation, affecting both males and females equally. This is indicated by the presence of the trait in every generation of the pedigree chart. In contrast, autosomal recessive traits would skip generations and require both parents to be carriers. X-linked recessive traits mainly affect males and skip generations. X-linked dominant traits would be present in every generation but would affect more females than males.
A couple is seeking infertility counseling. The practitioner has identified the factors listed below in the woman's health history. Which of these findings may be contributing to the couple's infertility?
- A. The client is 36 years old.
- B. The client was 13 years old when she started to menstruate.
- C. The client works as a dental hygienist 3 days a week.
- D. The client jogs 2 miles every day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Advanced maternal age is a significant factor in reduced fertility.