Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient being tested for rheumatoid arthritis. In reviewing laboratory values, which should the nurse recognize as being diagnostic of rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. C-reactive protein = 12 mg/L
- B. Rheumatoid factor is negative.
- C. White blood cells = 6000/mm3
- D. Antinuclear antibody test is negative.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because an elevated C-reactive protein level indicates inflammation, which is a key feature of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factor (choice B) is positive in only 70-80% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, so a negative result does not rule out the disease. White blood cell count (choice C) and antinuclear antibody test (choice D) are not specific to rheumatoid arthritis. In summary, an elevated C-reactive protein level is a more reliable indicator of the disease compared to the other options provided.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the typical outcome of a C1q deficiency in the complement system?
- A. Enhanced inflammation
- B. Reduced phagocytosis
- C. Autoimmune diseases such as SLE
- D. Increased cancer risk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Autoimmune diseases such as SLE. C1q is essential for the classical pathway of the complement system, which plays a crucial role in clearing immune complexes. A deficiency in C1q can lead to impaired immune complex clearance, resulting in the development of autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Choice A (Enhanced inflammation) is incorrect because a deficiency in C1q would actually lead to decreased inflammation due to impaired complement activation.
Choice B (Reduced phagocytosis) is incorrect because phagocytosis is primarily mediated by the alternative pathway of the complement system, not the classical pathway involving C1q.
Choice D (Increased cancer risk) is incorrect as C1q deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of cancer.
The Ig class found in breast milk is
- A. IgA
- B. IgM
- C. IgD
- D. IgG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgA. IgA is found in breast milk and plays a crucial role in providing immunity to the infant. It helps protect against infections in the digestive and respiratory tracts. IgM is primarily found in the bloodstream, IgD is mainly on the surface of B cells, and IgG is transferred from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. IgA is the specific immunoglobulin class present in breast milk, making it the correct choice.
Drugs aimed at blocking the budding of HIV from the host cell
- A. Are RT inhibitors
- B. Should target gp120
- C. Should target HIV co-receptors
- D. Are protease inhibitors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Are protease inhibitors. Blocking HIV budding involves inhibiting the action of the viral protease enzyme, which is crucial for processing viral proteins into their functional forms. By targeting protease, the virus cannot mature and infect new cells. RT inhibitors (A) target reverse transcriptase, not budding. Targeting gp120 (B) is focused on viral entry, not budding. Targeting HIV co-receptors (C) is aimed at blocking viral entry, not budding.
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with granulomatous hypersensitivity?
- A. Crohn's disease
- B. Sarcoidosis
- C. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Granulomatous hypersensitivity is characterized by the formation of granulomas in response to persistent antigen exposure. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving immune complex deposition and inflammation, not granuloma formation. Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis are commonly associated with granulomatous hypersensitivity due to their chronic inflammatory nature and granuloma formation in affected tissues. SLE does not typically present with granulomas, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following statement concerning Influenza infection is NOT true?
- A. There is evidence that the infection is less common in spring/summer because the transmission of bigger droplets formed at higher temperatures requires more close contact among people
- B. People infected with Flu can spread the disease before becoming symptomatic
- C. The human strains infect cells of the respiratory tract and also extensively infect epithelial cells throughout the body, explaining the systemic symptoms of influenza
- D. The virus hemagglutinin (HA) allows cell infection via the binding to sialic acid on carbohydrates expressed on host cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it states that human strains of Influenza extensively infect epithelial cells throughout the body, which is not true. Influenza primarily infects cells of the respiratory tract, leading to respiratory symptoms. Systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and muscle aches are more related to the body's immune response rather than widespread infection of epithelial cells throughout the body. This statement is incorrect as it misrepresents the pathogenesis of Influenza. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are all true statements supported by scientific evidence regarding Influenza transmission, asymptomatic spread, and viral entry mechanism, respectively.