Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia. Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
- A. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
- B. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
- C. Impact of the patient's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
- D. Symptoms indicating that the patient should contact the health care provider
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the tasks for patients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The patient needs instruction on recognition of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The other information also may be included in patient teaching, but is not as essential in the patient's self-management of the illness.
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According to the World Health Organization's ICF Bio-Psycho-Social Model, which of the following factors is an environmental contextual factor?
- A. Social background
- B. Behaviour pattern
- C. Social attitudes
- D. Coping style
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Contextual factors are composed of external environmental factors (e.g. social attitudes, architectural characteristics, and legal and social structures, as well as climate, terrain, and so forth). The other choices represent internal personal factors (e.g. gender, age, coping styles, social background, education, profession, past and current experience, overall behaviour pattern, character, and other factors that influence how disability is experienced by the individual.
Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
- A. Cannot be changed
- B. Requires intervention in order to change
- C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
- D. Can be changed with patient perseverance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors cannot be changed. Requiring intervention in order to change, altering, and changed with perseverance all indicate that change is possible.
Which of the following patient statements reflect an outcome expectancy statement?
- A. I am not able to exercise.
- B. Exercise helps people lose weight.
- C. Exercise is too hard on my arthritis.
- D. Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An outcome expectancy is the individual's belief that a specific behaviour will lead to certain outcomes. For example, the patient who tells the nurse that exercising helps people to lose weight is voicing an outcome expectancy.
Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme' is a goal of management in which of the following trajectory phases?
- A. Pretrajectory
- B. Onset
- C. Comeback
- D. Downward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme' is a goal of management in the trajectory phase of comeback. Pretrajectory goal is to prevent the onset of chronic illness. The onset goal of management is to form an appropriate trajectory projection and scheme. The goal of the downward phase is to adapt to increasing disability.
Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as 'challenge'?
- A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
- B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
- C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
- D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Challenge is the anticipation of change. The person with health-related hardiness, when confronted with a health stressor, possesses sufficient self-mastery and confidence to appraise and modify responses appropriately (control) and cognitively reappraises the health stressor so it is viewed as stimulating and beneficial or an opportunity for growth (challenge).