Nokea
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major impact on the development of chronic illness. Social stability, urban living, and having a high school education are not factors contributing to the development of chronic illness.
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Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
- A. Social
- B. Medical
- C. Activist
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The social model of disability, conversely, sees disability as a socially created problem and not an inherent attribute of an individual. The social model perspective calls for a political response, because the problem is created by an unaccommodating physical environment brought about by attitudes and other features of the social environment.
The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia. Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
- A. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
- B. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
- C. Impact of the patient's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
- D. Symptoms indicating that the patient should contact the health care provider
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the tasks for patients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The patient needs instruction on recognition of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The other information also may be included in patient teaching, but is not as essential in the patient's self-management of the illness.
Patients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with which of the following?
- A. Less information
- B. Less travel time
- C. Ways to adjust to disease consequences
- D. Limited information on ways to cope with their symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with ways to adjust to disease consequences such as uncertainty, fear and depression, anger, loneliness, sleep disorders, memory loss, exercise needs, nocturia, sexual dysfunction, and stress. They did not identify wanting less information, less travel time, or limited information on coping strategies but they do also want shorter wait times.
Which of the following patient statements reflect an outcome expectancy statement?
- A. I am not able to exercise.
- B. Exercise helps people lose weight.
- C. Exercise is too hard on my arthritis.
- D. Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An outcome expectancy is the individual's belief that a specific behaviour will lead to certain outcomes. For example, the patient who tells the nurse that exercising helps people to lose weight is voicing an outcome expectancy.
Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
- A. Cannot be changed
- B. Requires intervention in order to change
- C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
- D. Can be changed with patient perseverance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors cannot be changed. Requiring intervention in order to change, altering, and changed with perseverance all indicate that change is possible.