Nokea
The nurse is evaluating a skin lesion on a client brought to the emergency department. The nurse notes characteristics of chickenpox but has the physician evaluate the lesion for which biologic disaster agent?
- A. Botulism
- B. Smallpox
- C. Rubella
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smallpox may be mistaken for chickenpox due to the characteristics of the lesions. Botulism is a neurological toxin. Rubella is a communicable disease. Anthrax is a spore-forming bacterium that is inhaled or injected.
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The nurse is caring for clients in the emergency department who have been admitted from the area surrounding a nuclear power plant. There had been a small explosion at the plant and a small amount of radiation had escaped. The nurse knows that this is what type of a disaster?
- A. Natural
- B. Explosive
- C. Chemical
- D. Radiologic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radiologic disasters can occur in the following ways: Explosion of a dirty bomb; Damage to or human error in a nuclear power plant facility; a Nuclear blast. The scenario does not describe a natural disaster or a chemical disaster. 'Explosive' is not a specific type of disaster.
The nurse is on a community awareness safety committee. When prioritizing biological agents according to potential morbidity and mortality, which cluster of biological agents hold the highest mortality?
- A. Hantavirus, tuberculosis
- B. Botulism, Salmonella
- C. Anthrax, smallpox
- D. Escherichia coli, Brucella species
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cluster of agents with the highest mortality includes anthrax and smallpox. The Hantavirus and tuberculosis agents are not presently used for bioterrorism. Botulism and Salmonella as well as Escherichia coli and Brucella species are of low mortality.
The nurse is taking a class on chemical disasters with the local emergency response team. What toxin(s) would the nurse be learning about? Select all that apply.
- A. Blistering agents
- B. Psychologic agents
- C. Contact emulsifiers
- D. Nerve agents
- E. Cyanide
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Examples of extremely toxic chemicals include nerve agents, cyanide, respiratory toxins, and blistering agents. The nurse would not be learning about psychologic or nerve agents as toxins present in chemical disasters.
The nurse caring for victims of a volcano eruption knows that this disaster is categorized as a natural disaster. What is the other category of disaster?
- A. Man-made
- B. Artificial
- C. Earthly
- D. Human
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: There are essentially two types of disasters: (1) natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes; and (2) human disasters that may be intentionally or unintentionally caused such as explosions, fires, and acts of terrorism. 'Man-made', 'artificial', and 'earthly' are not accurate or specific categories of disasters.
The nursing student is preparing a teaching presentation on disaster preparedness for a nursing class assignment. Which action(s) would the student include in the presentation? Select all that apply.
- A. Keep a supply of fresh foods on hand
- B. Keep a 24-hour supply of medications on hand at all times
- C. Affix a tag to a pet's collar with contact information
- D. Store a supply kit with extra batteries, flashlight, and radio
- E. Create a network of persons who can provide support during and after the disaster
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: The student should address that an individual should keep 7 days of medications on hand; 24 hours of medications is not enough of a supply for the individual to keep on hand. Individuals should keep canned or dried packaged food on hand as fresh foods will not remain safe if refrigeration is not available. Battery operated flashlights and radio, as well as extra batteries should be kept on hand. A network of persons who can provide support during and after the disaster is important to have on hand prior to an emergency.