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The nurse is preparing a medication that is new to the market and cannot be found in the nurse's drug guide. Where can the nurse get the most reliable information about this medication?
- A. Package insert
- B. Another nurse
- C. Drug manufacturer
- D. Physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most reliable information about the drug can be found on the package insert supplied by the manufacturer because it was prepared according to strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Asking another nurse or the physician is not reliable and cannot be verified as accurate. It would not be realistic to call the drug manufacturer for information.
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The nurse is reviewing the results of the patient's laboratory tests. What must the nurse keep in mind when reviewing these results related to medication administration?
- A. The patient's emotional response to the disease process
- B. The timing of the last dose of medication relative to when blood was drawn
- C. The possibility of a drug-laboratory test interaction
- D. A change in the body's responses or actions related to the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The body works through a series of chemical reactions. Because of this, administration of a particular drug may alter results of tests that are done on various chemical levels or reactions as part of a diagnostic study. This drug-laboratory test interaction is caused by the drug being given and not necessarily by a change in the body's responses or actions. The patient's emotional response or timing of the last dose is not important in drug-laboratory interactions.
What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons
- B. A nurses drug guide
- C. A drug package insert
- D. The Physicians Drug Reference (PDR)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nurses drug guide provides nursing implications and patient teaching points that are most useful to nurses in addition to need-to-know drug information in a very user friendly organizational style. Lippincotts Nursing Drug Guide (LNDG) has drug monographs organized alphabetically and includes nursing implications and patient teaching points. Numerous other drug handbooks are also on the market and readily available for nurses to use. Although other drug reference books such as Drug Facts and Comparisons, PDR, and drug package inserts can all provide essential drug information, they will not contain nursing implications and teaching points and can be more difficult to use than nurses drug guides.
Which of the following drugs is used for the management of atropine intoxication?
- A. Physostigmine
- B. Neostigmine
- C. Endrophonium
- D. Donepezil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, crosses the BBB to reverse atropine's central effects.
An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
- A. Spending large amounts of money on medications
- B. Allergic reactions to medications
- C. Drug-drug interactions
- D. Critical concentrations of medications in the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patients medications to avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
Newborns are at risk for early vitamin K deficiency bleeding and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all newborns receive:
- A. IM vitamin K (phytonadione) within 24 hours of birth
- B. Oral vitamin K supplementation in the first 3 weeks of life
- C. Formula containing vitamin K or breast milk
- D. Oral vitamin K in the first 24 hours after birth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IM vitamin K is standard to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns.