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The nurse is preparing a plan of care for an black patient who has had a change of bowel habits from being constipated and having only two firm stools weekly to having three or more loose stools daily. Which comment is related to cultural variation for health information?
- A. The individual states, "I will need to discuss health care options with my grandmother."
- B. The eldest male member of the family will make all health care decisions.
- C. The patient has high respect for the nurse and nods approvingly, although she has no intention of complying with instructions or plan of care.
- D. The individual speaks very quietly and gently reaches to hold the nurse's hand for support.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it reflects the patient's cultural variation in seeking health information from family members, specifically the grandmother. This shows respect for family opinions and involvement in decision-making.
Option B is incorrect as it generalizes that the eldest male makes all health decisions, which may not be true for every cultural group. Option C is incorrect as nodding approvingly and not complying with instructions does not necessarily indicate cultural variations. Option D is incorrect as speaking quietly and reaching for the nurse's hand may simply indicate a patient's communication style rather than cultural variation in seeking health information.
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A nurse explaining the above graph indicates the frequency of falls in 2011 to detect and possibly explain causes of variation. The peaks in June were attributed to regular staff vacations during which agency nurses were used. The nurse is employed in which role?
- A. Case Manager
- B. Quality Manager
- C. Forensic Nurse
- D. Occupational Health Nurse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: The nurse's role involves analyzing data to identify causes of variation in falls, indicating a focus on quality improvement.
Step 2: As a Quality Manager, the nurse is responsible for monitoring and improving the quality of care provided.
Step 3: Case Managers focus on coordinating patient care, Forensic Nurses deal with legal aspects, and Occupational Health Nurses focus on workplace health.
Step 4: Therefore, the nurse's role aligns most closely with a Quality Manager in this scenario, making choice B the correct answer.
A nurse is interested in locating reliable information concerning noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Information is located, and the author is a scientist who conducted studies within the last year on the effectiveness of a particular noninvasive blood glucose monitor. The scientist received funding from a pharmaceutical company to support the studies. The URL indicates the pharmaceutical company site.com. The nurse is concerned about this information's:
- A. authority.
- B. objectivity.
- C. accuracy.
- D. currency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: objectivity. The nurse should be concerned about the objectivity of the information due to the potential bias introduced by the funding received from a pharmaceutical company. This could influence the scientist's findings and conclusions to favor the interests of the company, affecting the accuracy of the information. Authority (choice A) refers to the expertise of the author, not the potential bias. Accuracy (choice C) is impacted by objectivity and the potential conflict of interest. Currency (choice D) relates to how up-to-date the information is, which is not the main concern in this scenario.
Which item below correctly describes the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predictions by 2020?
- A. Positions that historically required registered nurses will be filled by unlicensed personnel.
- B. The job growth rate for RNs will surpass job growth in all other occupations.
- C. The need for hospital nurses will dramatically decrease.
- D. Hospitals will finally achieve the required RN workforce.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the job growth rate for RNs will surpass job growth in all other occupations by 2020. This is supported by the increasing demand for healthcare services due to an aging population and advancements in medical technology. Choice A is incorrect as the need for registered nurses is expected to continue due to the complexity of patient care. Choice C is incorrect as the need for hospital nurses is projected to increase, not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as many hospitals still struggle to achieve the required RN workforce due to various factors like turnover and retention issues.
A patient is admitted with pneumoniThe case manager refers to a plan of care that specifically identifies dates when supplemental oxygen should be discontinued, positive-pressure ventilation with bronchodilators should be changed to self-administered inhalers, and antibiotics should be changed from intravenous to oral treatment, on the basis of assessment findings. This plan of care is referred to as a:
- A. patient classification system.
- B. clinical pathway.
- C. patient-centered plan of care.
- D. diagnosis-related group (DRG).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: clinical pathway. A clinical pathway is a detailed plan of care that outlines specific interventions and treatments based on assessment findings to guide patient care in a structured manner. In this case, the plan includes specific dates for discontinuing supplemental oxygen, changing ventilation methods, and transitioning antibiotics.
A. Patient classification system: This refers to categorizing patients based on certain criteria for resource allocation and staffing levels, not specific care plans.
C. Patient-centered plan of care: While patient-centered care focuses on individual preferences and needs, it does not necessarily include the structured timeline and interventions outlined in a clinical pathway.
D. Diagnosis-related group (DRG): DRGs are used for billing and payment purposes based on specific diagnoses, not for detailed care plans like the one described in the question.
A nurse is evaluating Levin's Theory of Conservation to determine if it can be applied to patients in the initial phases of chemotherapy treatment. During this phase of theory acceptance, the nurse wants to determine if all the concepts of energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity are included in the care of cancer treatment. The nurse is applying which criteria of theory acceptance?
- A. Inclusiveness
- B. Consistency
- C. Accuracy
- D. Fruitfulness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inclusiveness. In this scenario, the nurse is evaluating if Levin's Theory of Conservation includes all the concepts related to energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity in the care of cancer treatment. Inclusiveness as a criterion of theory acceptance involves determining if a theory encompasses all relevant concepts and variables within a certain domain. By ensuring that all key components are addressed, the theory can be considered comprehensive and applicable to various situations.
Choice B: Consistency, refers to the internal logical coherence of a theory, which is not the focus of the nurse's evaluation in this case.
Choice C: Accuracy, pertains to the degree to which a theory accurately reflects reality, which is not directly related to the nurse's current evaluation.
Choice D: Fruitfulness, involves the ability of a theory to generate new research and insights, which is not the primary concern for the nurse's assessment of the theory's applicability to cancer treatment.