Nokea
The nurse is preparing a presentation that highlights the benefits of annual influenza vaccination. The nurse correctly targets which groups Except?
- A. Parents of children 3 to 6 months of age.
- B. Diabetics who are over 50 years old.
- C. Pregnant women.
- D. Home health aides.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because children aged 3 to 6 months are too young to receive the influenza vaccine. They are not recommended for vaccination until they reach 6 months of age. Choice B is correct as older diabetics are at higher risk for complications from the flu. Choice C is correct as pregnant women are a high-risk group for flu-related complications. Choice D is correct as home health aides are in close contact with vulnerable populations.
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A male adult patient hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
- A. Nausea or vomiting
- B. Abdominal pain or diarrhea
- C. Hallucinations or tinnitus
- D. Lightheadedness or paresthesia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lightheadedness or paresthesia. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels and an increase in pH. This can result in symptoms such as lightheadedness (from decreased cerebral blood flow) and paresthesia (tingling sensations due to changes in calcium ionization). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not typically associated with respiratory alkalosis. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are more commonly seen in metabolic alkalosis, while hallucinations and tinnitus are not typical symptoms of respiratory alkalosis.
The effect of pH on hemoglobin saturation is known as the
- A. Bainbridge reflex
- B. Bohr effect
- C. pulmonary reflex
- D. respiratory effect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bohr effect. This effect describes how pH affects hemoglobin saturation. When pH decreases (becomes more acidic), hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen decreases, promoting oxygen unloading in tissues. This is due to the protonation of histidine residues in hemoglobin, altering its structure. The other choices are incorrect because the Bainbridge reflex is related to heart rate regulation in response to changes in blood volume, the pulmonary reflex relates to the regulation of breathing in response to changes in blood oxygen levels, and the respiratory effect is a general term that does not specifically describe the pH effect on hemoglobin saturation.
A male patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is a smoker. The nurse notices respiratory distress and no breath sounds over the left chest. Which type of pneumothorax should the nurse suspect is occurring?
- A. Tension pneumothorax
- B. Iatrogenic pneumothorax
- C. Traumatic pneumothorax
- D. Spontaneous pneumothorax
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the patient has a history of COPD and is a smoker, making spontaneous pneumothorax more likely. Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs without any trauma or injury and is often seen in patients with underlying lung conditions like COPD.
The nurse has instructed the client on how to obtain a sputum culture. Which of the statements indicates that the client understood the instruction from the nurse?
- A. I need to restrict my fluids 8 hours before obtaining the specimen.
- B. Mouth care should be avoided before collecting the sputum specimen.
- C. The best time to obtain the specimen is late at night.
- D. I just need to breathe deeply, followed by coughing up the sputum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the client demonstrates understanding by acknowledging the need to breathe deeply and cough up the sputum to obtain a sputum culture. This action helps bring up the lower respiratory tract secretions for an accurate culture. Choice A is incorrect because increasing fluids actually helps in sputum production. Choice B is incorrect as mouth care should be done before to prevent contamination. Choice C is incorrect as early morning is the best time due to the accumulation of secretions overnight.
which factors affect on exercise.
- A. body temperature
- B. smoking
- C. physical exercise
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Body temperature (A) is a factor as it affects how efficiently muscles work during exercise. Smoking (B) can negatively impact exercise performance and overall health. Physical exercise (C) is an obvious factor that directly influences exercise outcomes. Therefore, all three factors are interconnected and collectively influence an individual's exercise capacity and performance.