Nokea
The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a 51-year-old woman diagnosed with urinary retention secondary to multiple sclerosis. The nurse will teach the patient to self-catheterize at home upon discharge. What teaching method is most likely to be effective for this patient?
- A. A list of clear instructions written at a sixth-grade level
- B. A short video providing useful information and demonstrations
- C. An audio-recorded version of discharge instructions that can be accessed at home
- D. A discussion and demonstration between the nurse and the patient
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Demonstration and practice are essential ingredients of a teaching program, especially when teaching skills. It is best to demonstrate the skill and then give the learner ample opportunity for practice. When special equipment is involved, such as urinary catheters, it is important to teach with the same equipment that will be used in the home setting. A list of instructions, a video, and an audio recording are effective methods of reinforcing teaching after the discussion and demonstration have taken place.
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You are the nurse planning to teach tracheostomy care to a patient who will be discharged home following a spinal cord injury. When preparing your teaching, which of the following is the most important component of your teaching plan?
- A. Citing the evidence that underlies each of your teaching points
- B. Alleviating the patients guilt associated with not knowing appropriate self-care
- C. Determining the patients readiness to learn new information
- D. Including your nursing colleagues in the planning process
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment in the teaching-learning process is directed toward the systematic collection of data about the person and family's learning needs and readiness to learn. Patient readiness is critical to accepting and integrating new information. Unless the patient is ready to accept new information, patient teaching will be ineffective. Citing the evidence base will not likely enhance learning. Patient guilt cannot be alleviated until the patient understands the intricacies of the condition and his physiologic response to the disease. Inclusion of colleagues can be beneficial, but this does not determine the success or failure of teaching.
A gerontologic nurse has observed that patients often fail to adhere to a therapeutic regimen. What strategy should the nurse adopt to best assist an older adult in adhering to a therapeutic regimen involving wound care?
- A. Demonstrate a dressing change and allow the patient to practice.
- B. Provide a detailed pamphlet on a dressing change.
- C. Verbally instruct the patient how to change a dressing and check for comprehension.
- D. Delegate the dressing change to a trusted family member.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must consider that older adults may have deficits in the ability to draw inferences, apply information, or understand major teaching points. Demonstration and practice are essential in meeting their learning needs. The other options are incorrect because the elderly may have problems reading and/or understanding a written pamphlet or verbal instructions. Having a family member change the dressing when the patient is capable of doing it impedes self-care and independence.
A nurse is planning an educational event for a local group of citizens who live with a variety of physical and cognitive disabilities. What variable should the nurse prioritize when planning this event?
- A. Health-promotion needs of the group
- B. Relationships between participants and caregivers
- C. Wellness state of each individual
- D. Learning needs of caregivers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must be aware of the participants specific health-promotion needs when teaching specific groups of people with physical and mental disabilities. This is a priority over the relationships between participants and caregivers, each persons wellness state, or caregivers learning needs.
The nurse is planning to teach a 75-year-old patient with coronary artery disease about administering her prescribed antiplatelet medication. How can the nurse best enhance the patients ability to learn?
- A. Provide links to Web sites that contain evidence-based information.
- B. Exclude family members from the session to prevent distraction.
- C. Use color-coded materials that are succinct and engaging.
- D. Make the information directly relevant to the patients condition.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Studies have shown that older adults can learn and remember if the information is paced appropriately, relevant, and followed by appropriate feedback. Family members should be included in health education. The nurse should not assume that the patients color vision is intact or that the patient possesses adequate computer skills.
A parish nurse is describing the relationships between health and physical fitness to a group of older adults who all attend the same church. What potential benefits of a regular exercise program should the nurse describe? Select all that apply.
- A. Decreased cholesterol levels
- B. Delayed degenerative changes
- C. Improved sensory function
- D. Improved overall muscle strength
- E. Increased blood sugar levels
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Clinicians and researchers who have examined the relationship between health and physical fitness have found that a regular exercise program can promote health in the following ways: by decreasing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; delaying degenerative changes, such as osteoporosis; and improving flexibility and overall muscle strength and endurance. Physical fitness does not improve the senses or increase blood sugar.